---
title: So whenever she had nothing to do she used to sit and cry, because s… — The Book of Dragons · tree and pragmatics
description: So whenever she had nothing to do she used to sit and cry, because she was tired out with work and worry. Who acts: mother. A sentence of «The Book of Dragons» by E. Nesbit, The Dragon Tamers], with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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# The Book of Dragons, The Dragon Tamers\], sentence 19

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So whenever she had nothing to do she used to sit and cry, because she was tired out with work and worry.

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**Who acts:** mother · **What happens:** have, use, sit, cry, be · **To what, where:** nothing

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This is a sentence of «The Book of Dragons» by E. Nesbit, The Dragon Tamers\]. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (mother), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Parsed by Mova, not checked by a teacher.** This tree is Mova's own parse (the `en` model, on the CPU, when the site is built); it may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg23661:12:19
# text = So whenever she had nothing to do she used to sit and cry, because she was tired out with work and worry.
1	So	so	ADV	RB	_	4	advmod	_	_
2	whenever	whenever	ADV	WRB	PronType=Rel	4	advmod	_	_
3	she	she	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	4	nsubj	_	_
4	had	have	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	nothing	nothing	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Neg	4	obj	_	_
6	to	to	PART	TO	_	7	mark	_	_
7	do	do	AUX	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	9	aux	_	_
8	she	she	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	9	nsubj	_	_
9	used	use	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	5	acl:relcl	_	_
10	to	to	PART	TO	_	11	mark	_	_
11	sit	sit	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	9	xcomp	_	_
12	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	13	cc	_	_
13	cry	cry	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	11	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	18	punct	_	_
15	because	because	SCONJ	IN	_	18	mark	_	_
16	she	she	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	18	nsubj	_	_
17	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	18	cop	_	_
18	tired	tired	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	11	advcl	_	_
19	out	out	ADP	RP	_	18	compound:prt	_	_
20	with	with	ADP	IN	_	21	case	_	_
21	work	work	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	18	obl	_	_
22	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	23	cc	_	_
23	worry	worry	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	21	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
24	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **have** | past | mother | nothing |  |  |  | whenever *property* | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent nothing=Patient |
| 2 | **use** | infinitive · do-support | mother |  |  |  |  |  | vn use-105.1 «NP V NP S\_INF»: agent=Agent clause=Eventuality |
| 3 | **sit** | to-infinitive | mother *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn assuming\_position-50 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 4 | **cry** *speech: express* | infinitive | mother *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn manner\_speaking-37.3 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 5 | **is** | past | mother |  |  |  |  | with work and worry; tired *property* | tree rules |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «The Book of Dragons» by E. Nesbit, Project Gutenberg book 23661 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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