---
title: "Mother said I was never to go out without my shoes," said the drakl… — The Book of Dragons · tree and pragmatics
description: "Mother said I was never to go out without my shoes," said the drakling; so Edmund had to help it to put them on. Who acts: Mother, drakling, Edmund, bed. A sentence of «The Book of Dragons» by E. Nesbit, Kind Little Edmund], with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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# The Book of Dragons, Kind Little Edmund\], sentence 158

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"Mother said I was never to go out without my shoes," said the drakling; so Edmund had to help it to put them on.

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**Who acts:** Mother, drakling, Edmund, bed · **What happens:** say, not be, have, help, put on · **To what, where:** bed, Edmund · **Speech:** someone speaks here

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This is a sentence of «The Book of Dragons» by E. Nesbit, Kind Little Edmund\]. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Mother, drakling, Edmund, bed), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Parsed by Mova, not checked by a teacher.** This tree is Mova's own parse (the `en` model, on the CPU, when the site is built); it may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg23661:14:158
# text = "Mother said I was never to go out without my shoes," said the drakling; so Edmund had to help it to put them on.
1	"	"	PUNCT	``	_	3	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	Mother	mother	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	said	say	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	I	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	8	nsubj	_	_
5	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	8	cop	_	_
6	never	never	ADV	RB	PronType=Neg	8	advmod	_	_
7	to	to	PART	TO	_	8	mark	_	_
8	go	go	VERB	VB	Mood=Sub|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	3	ccomp	_	_
9	out	out	ADV	RB	_	8	advmod	_	_
10	without	without	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
11	my	my	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Sing|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	12	nmod:poss	_	_
12	shoes	shoe	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	8	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	15	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	"	"	PUNCT	''	_	15	punct	_	_
15	said	say	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	3	conj	_	_
16	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	17	det	_	_
17	drakling	drakling	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	15	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
18	;	;	PUNCT	,	_	21	punct	_	_
19	so	so	ADV	RB	_	21	advmod	_	_
20	Edmund	Edmund	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	21	nsubj	_	_
21	had	have	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	3	conj	_	_
22	to	to	PART	TO	_	23	mark	_	_
23	help	help	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	21	xcomp	_	_
24	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	23	obj	_	_
25	to	to	PART	TO	_	26	mark	_	_
26	put	put	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	23	xcomp	_	_
27	them	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	26	obj	_	_
28	on	on	ADP	RP	_	26	compound:prt	_	SpaceAfter=No
29	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **say** *speech: assert* *in a quote* | past | Mother |  |  |  |  |  | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V how S\_INF»: agent=Agent clause=Topic |
| 2 | **not** **is** *in a quote* | past | Mother |  |  |  |  | without my shoes; go, out *property* | tree rules |
| 3 | **say** *speech: assert* | past | the drakling |  |  |  |  |  | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent |
| 4 | **have** | past | Edmund |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 5 | **help** | to-infinitive | Edmund *not said here* | bed |  |  |  |  | vn help-72.1-1-1 «NP V NP S\_INF»: agent=Agent it=Beneficiary clause=Theme |
| 6 | **put on** | to-infinitive | bed *not said here* | Edmund |  |  |  |  | vn invest-13.5.4-1 «NP V PP»: agent=Agent they=Goal |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «The Book of Dragons» by E. Nesbit, Project Gutenberg book 23661 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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