---
title: The caves were very dark, but his lantern lighted them up beautifull… — The Book of Dragons · tree and pragmatics
description: The caves were very dark, but his lantern lighted them up beautifully; and they were most interesting caves, with stalactites and stalagmites and fossils, and all the things you read about in the instructive books for the young. Who acts: caves, lantern, things. A sentence of «The Book of Dragons» b
---

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[Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg23661/14/29/)

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# The Book of Dragons, Kind Little Edmund\], sentence 29

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The caves were very dark, but his lantern lighted them up beautifully; and they were most interesting caves, with stalactites and stalagmites and fossils, and all the things you read about in the instructive books for the young.

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**Who acts:** caves, lantern, things · **What happens:** be, light up, read · **To what, where:** Caves, interesting caves, instructive books

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This is a sentence of «The Book of Dragons» by E. Nesbit, Kind Little Edmund\]. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (caves, lantern, things), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

<!-- .note-en -->
**Parsed by Mova, not checked by a teacher.** This tree is Mova's own parse (the `en` model, on the CPU, when the site is built); it may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg23661:14:29
# text = The caves were very dark, but his lantern lighted them up beautifully; and they were most interesting caves, with stalactites and stalagmites and fossils, and all the things you read about in the instructive books for the young.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	caves	cave	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	nsubj	_	_
3	were	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	5	cop	_	_
4	very	very	ADV	RB	_	5	advmod	_	_
5	dark	dark	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	10	punct	_	_
7	but	but	CCONJ	CC	_	10	cc	_	_
8	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	9	nmod:poss	_	_
9	lantern	lantern	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	nsubj	_	_
10	lighted	light	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	5	advcl	_	_
11	them	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	10	obj	_	_
12	up	up	ADP	RP	_	10	compound:prt	_	_
13	beautifully	beautifully	ADV	RB	_	10	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	;	;	PUNCT	,	_	20	punct	_	_
15	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	20	cc	_	_
16	they	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	20	nsubj	_	_
17	were	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	20	cop	_	_
18	most	most	ADV	RBS	Degree=Sup	19	advmod	_	_
19	interesting	interesting	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	20	amod	_	_
20	caves	cave	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
21	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	23	punct	_	_
22	with	with	ADP	IN	_	23	case	_	_
23	stalactites	stalactite	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	20	conj	_	_
24	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	25	cc	_	_
25	stalagmites	stalagmite	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	23	conj	_	_
26	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	27	cc	_	_
27	fossils	fossil	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	23	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
28	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	34	punct	_	_
29	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	34	cc	_	_
30	all	all	DET	PDT	PronType=Tot	32	det:predet	_	_
31	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	32	det	_	_
32	things	thing	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	34	nsubj	_	_
33	you	you	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Person=2|PronType=Prs	34	nsubj	_	_
34	read	read	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	parataxis	_	_
35	about	about	ADV	RB	_	34	advmod	_	_
36	in	in	ADP	IN	_	39	case	_	_
37	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	39	det	_	_
38	instructive	instructive	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	39	amod	_	_
39	books	book	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	34	obl	_	_
40	for	for	ADP	IN	_	42	case	_	_
41	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	42	det	_	_
42	young	young	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	39	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
43	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | past | the caves |  |  |  |  | dark *property* | tree rules |
| 2 | **light up** | past | boy's lantern | Caves *= cave* |  |  |  | beautifully *property* | vn preparing-26.3-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent they=Product |
| 3 | **is a** | past | Caves *= cave* | interesting caves and stalactites and stalagmites and fossils |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 4 | **read** | present | all things |  |  | the instructive books for the young |  | about *property* | vn transfer\_mesg-37.1.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «The Book of Dragons» by E. Nesbit, Project Gutenberg book 23661 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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