---
title: Then Mary Ann began to cry, and said: "Oh, Tom--how can you? — The Book of Dragons · tree and pragmatics
description: Then Mary Ann began to cry, and said: "Oh, Tom--how can you? Who acts: Mary. A sentence of «The Book of Dragons» by E. Nesbit, Opening, part 4, with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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# The Book of Dragons, Opening, part 4, sentence 80

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Then Mary Ann began to cry, and said: "Oh, Tom--how can you?

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**Who acts:** Mary · **What happens:** begin, cry, say · **Speech:** someone speaks here

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This is a sentence of «The Book of Dragons» by E. Nesbit, Opening, part 4. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Mary), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Parsed by Mova, not checked by a teacher.** This tree is Mova's own parse (the `en` model, on the CPU, when the site is built); it may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg23661:4:80
# text = Then Mary Ann began to cry, and said: "Oh, Tom--how can you?
1	Then	then	ADV	RB	PronType=Dem	4	advmod	_	_
2	Mary	Mary	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
3	Ann	Ann	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	flat	_	_
4	began	begin	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	to	to	PART	TO	_	6	mark	_	_
6	cry	cry	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	4	xcomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	9	punct	_	_
8	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	9	cc	_	_
9	said	say	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	4	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	14	punct	_	_
11	"	"	PUNCT	``	_	14	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	Oh	oh	INTJ	UH	_	14	discourse	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	12	punct	_	_
14	Tom	Tom	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	9	ccomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	--	--	PUNCT	,	_	17	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	how	how	ADV	WRB	PronType=Int	17	advmod	_	_
17	can	can	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	14	nmod	_	_
18	you	you	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Person=2|PronType=Prs	17	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
19	?	?	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **begin** | past | Mary |  |  |  | then |  | vn begin-55.1-1-1 «NP V S\_INF»: agent=Agent clause=Eventuality |
| 2 | **cry** *speech: express* | to-infinitive | Mary *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn manner\_speaking-37.3 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 3 | **say** *speech: assert* | past | Mary *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «The Book of Dragons» by E. Nesbit, Project Gutenberg book 23661 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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