---
title: They only saw the long lines of frosted trees and the starry lamps,… — The Book of Dragons · tree and pragmatics
description: They only saw the long lines of frosted trees and the starry lamps, and on each side, rushing back as they slid on, a very broad, white world and a very large, black night; and overhead as well as in the trees the stars were bright like silver lamps, and far ahead shone and trembled and sparkled the
---

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# The Book of Dragons, Opening, part 7, sentence 105

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They only saw the long lines of frosted trees and the starry lamps, and on each side, rushing back as they slid on, a very broad, white world and a very large, black night; and overhead as well as in the trees the stars were bright like silver lamps, and far ahead shone and trembled and sparkled the line of fairy spears.

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**Who acts:** George, stars · **What happens:** see, frost, rush back, slide, be, shine · **To what, where:** long lines, side, broad white world, trees, line

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This is a sentence of «The Book of Dragons» by E. Nesbit, Opening, part 7. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (George, stars), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Parsed by Mova, not checked by a teacher.** This tree is Mova's own parse (the `en` model, on the CPU, when the site is built); it may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg23661:7:105
# text = They only saw the long lines of frosted trees and the starry lamps, and on each side, rushing back as they slid on, a very broad, white world and a very large, black night; and overhead as well as in the trees the stars were bright like silver lamps, and far ahead shone and trembled and sparkled the line of fairy spears.
1	They	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	3	nsubj	_	_
2	only	only	ADV	RB	_	3	advmod	_	_
3	saw	see	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
5	long	long	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	amod	_	_
6	lines	line	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	obj	_	_
7	of	of	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
8	frosted	frost	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	9	amod	_	_
9	trees	tree	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	6	nmod	_	_
10	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	13	cc	_	_
11	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	13	det	_	_
12	starry	starry	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	13	amod	_	_
13	lamps	lamp	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	9	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	18	punct	_	_
15	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	18	cc	_	_
16	on	on	ADP	IN	_	18	case	_	_
17	each	each	DET	DT	PronType=Tot	18	det	_	_
18	side	side	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
19	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	20	punct	_	_
20	rushing	rush	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	3	conj	_	_
21	back	back	ADV	RB	_	20	advmod	_	_
22	as	as	SCONJ	IN	_	24	mark	_	_
23	they	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	24	nsubj	_	_
24	slid	slide	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	20	advcl	_	_
25	on	on	ADV	RB	_	24	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
26	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	32	punct	_	_
27	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	32	det	_	_
28	very	very	ADV	RB	_	29	advmod	_	_
29	broad	broad	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	32	amod	_	SpaceAfter=No
30	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	29	punct	_	_
31	white	white	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	32	amod	_	_
32	world	world	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	24	obl	_	_
33	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	39	cc	_	_
34	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	39	det	_	_
35	very	very	ADV	RB	_	36	advmod	_	_
36	large	large	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	39	amod	_	SpaceAfter=No
37	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	36	punct	_	_
38	black	black	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	39	amod	_	_
39	night	night	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	32	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
40	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	43	punct	_	_
41	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	43	cc	_	_
42	overhead	overhead	ADV	RB	_	43	advmod	_	_
43	as	as	ADV	RB	ExtPos=ADV	3	advmod	_	_
44	well	well	ADV	RB	Degree=Pos	43	fixed	_	_
45	as	as	ADP	IN	_	43	fixed	_	_
46	in	in	ADP	IN	_	48	case	_	_
47	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	48	det	_	_
48	trees	tree	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	43	obl	_	_
49	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	50	det	_	_
50	stars	star	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	52	nsubj	_	_
51	were	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	52	cop	_	_
52	bright	bright	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	48	acl:relcl	_	_
53	like	like	ADP	IN	_	55	case	_	_
54	silver	silver	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	55	compound	_	_
55	lamps	lamp	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	52	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
56	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	60	punct	_	_
57	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	60	cc	_	_
58	far	far	ADV	RB	Degree=Pos	60	advmod	_	_
59	ahead	ahead	ADV	RB	_	60	advmod	_	_
60	shone	shine	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	52	conj	_	_
61	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	62	cc	_	_
62	trembled	tremble	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	60	conj	_	_
63	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	64	cc	_	_
64	sparkled	sparkle	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	62	conj	_	_
65	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	66	det	_	_
66	line	line	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	64	obj	_	_
67	of	of	ADP	IN	_	69	case	_	_
68	fairy	fairy	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	69	amod	_	_
69	spears	spear	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	66	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
70	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **see** | past | George | the long lines of frosted trees and the starry lamps |  | each side |  |  | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer line=Stimulus |
| 2 | **frost** | participle |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn other\_cos-45.4 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient |
| 3 | **rush back** | gerund | George *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn run-51.3.2-2-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 4 | **slide** | past | George | a broad white world and a large black night |  |  |  |  | vn run-51.3.2-2 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 5 | **is** | past | the stars | the trees *not said here* |  |  |  | like silver lamps; bright *property* | tree rules |
| 6 | **shine** | participle | the stars *not said here* |  |  |  |  | ahead, far *property* | vn light\_emission-43.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 7 | **tremble** | participle | the stars *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn modes\_of\_being\_with\_motion-47.3 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 8 | **sparkle** | participle | the stars *not said here* | the line of fairy spears |  |  |  |  | vn light\_emission-43.1 «NP V NP.theme»: agent=Agent line=Theme |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «The Book of Dragons» by E. Nesbit, Project Gutenberg book 23661 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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