---
title: "Those," shouted the dwarfs, coming a step nearer, "are the fires we… — The Book of Dragons · tree and pragmatics
description: "Those," shouted the dwarfs, coming a step nearer, "are the fires we make to thaw the dragon. Who acts: Those, we, nearer fires. A sentence of «The Book of Dragons» by E. Nesbit, Opening, part 8, with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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# The Book of Dragons, Opening, part 8, sentence 82

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"Those," shouted the dwarfs, coming a step nearer, "are the fires we make to thaw the dragon.

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**Who acts:** Those, we, nearer fires · **What happens:** shout, come, be, make, thaw · **To what, where:** dwarfs, nearer fires, dragon · **Speech:** someone speaks here

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This is a sentence of «The Book of Dragons» by E. Nesbit, Opening, part 8. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Those, we, nearer fires), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Parsed by Mova, not checked by a teacher.** This tree is Mova's own parse (the `en` model, on the CPU, when the site is built); it may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg23661:8:82
# text = "Those," shouted the dwarfs, coming a step nearer, "are the fires we make to thaw the dragon.
1	"	"	PUNCT	``	_	5	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	Those	that	PRON	DT	Number=Plur|PronType=Dem	5	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	2	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	"	"	PUNCT	''	_	2	punct	_	_
5	shouted	shout	VERB	VBD	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	dwarfs	dwarf	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	9	punct	_	_
9	coming	come	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	5	advcl	_	_
10	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	11	det	_	_
11	step	step	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	12	obl:unmarked	_	_
12	nearer	near	ADJ	JJR	Degree=Cmp	17	amod	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	12	punct	_	_
14	"	"	PUNCT	''	_	12	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	17	cop	_	_
16	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	17	det	_	_
17	fires	fire	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	9	obj	_	_
18	we	we	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs	19	nsubj	_	_
19	make	make	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=1|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	17	acl:relcl	_	_
20	to	to	PART	TO	_	21	mark	_	_
21	thaw	thaw	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	19	xcomp	_	_
22	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	23	det	_	_
23	dragon	dragon	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	21	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
24	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **shout** *speech: express* | past | Those | the dwarfs |  |  |  |  | vn manner\_speaking-37.3 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent dwarf=Topic |
| 2 | **come** | gerund | Those *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 3 | **is a** *in a quote* | present |  | the nearer fires |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 4 | **make** *in a quote* | present | we | the nearer fires *not said here* |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 5 | **thaw** *in a quote* | to-infinitive | the nearer fires *not said here* | the dragon |  |  |  |  | vn other\_cos-45.4-1 «NP V NP ADJ»: agent=Patient dragon=Result |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «The Book of Dragons» by E. Nesbit, Project Gutenberg book 23661 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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