---
title: But I do know that whoever has lighted those fires again, it is cert… — The Book of Dragons · tree and pragmatics
description: But I do know that whoever has lighted those fires again, it is certainly not the sealskin dwarfs. Who acts: I, Borealis. A sentence of «The Book of Dragons» by E. Nesbit, Opening, part 9, with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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# The Book of Dragons, Opening, part 9, sentence 54

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But I do know that whoever has lighted those fires again, it is certainly not the sealskin dwarfs.

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**Who acts:** I, Borealis · **What happens:** know, light, not be · **To what, where:** whoever, sealskin dwarfs · **Speech:** someone speaks here

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This is a sentence of «The Book of Dragons» by E. Nesbit, Opening, part 9. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (I, Borealis), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Parsed by Mova, not checked by a teacher.** This tree is Mova's own parse (the `en` model, on the CPU, when the site is built); it may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg23661:9:54
# text = But I do know that whoever has lighted those fires again, it is certainly not the sealskin dwarfs.
1	But	but	CCONJ	CC	_	4	cc	_	_
2	I	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	4	nsubj	_	_
3	do	do	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	aux	_	_
4	know	know	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	0	root	_	_
5	that	that	SCONJ	IN	_	8	mark	_	_
6	whoever	whoever	PRON	WP	PronType=Rel	8	nsubj:pass	_	_
7	has	have	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	8	aux	_	_
8	lighted	light	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	4	ccomp	_	_
9	those	that	DET	DT	Number=Plur|PronType=Dem	10	det	_	_
10	fires	fire	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	8	obj	_	_
11	again	again	ADV	RB	_	8	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	19	punct	_	_
13	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	19	nsubj	_	_
14	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	19	cop	_	_
15	certainly	certainly	ADV	RB	_	19	advmod	_	_
16	not	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	19	advmod	_	_
17	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	19	det	_	_
18	sealskin	sealskin	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	19	compound	_	_
19	dwarfs	dwarf	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	8	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
20	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **know** | present · do-support | I |  |  |  |  |  | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1-1 «NP V S\_ING»: agent=Experiencer clause=Stimulus |
| 2 | **light** | present · perfect · passive |  | whoever |  |  | again |  | vn preparing-26.3-1 «NP V NP.beneficiary NP»: subject=Beneficiary fire=Product |
| 3 | **not** **is a** | present | Borealis | the sealskin dwarfs |  |  |  | certainly *property* | tree rules |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «The Book of Dragons» by E. Nesbit, Project Gutenberg book 23661 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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