---
title: And the Editor still avers, in Prefaces, that he did not invent one… — The Crimson Fairy Book · tree and pragmatics
description: And the Editor still avers, in Prefaces, that he did not invent one of the stories; that nobody knows, as a rule, who invented them, or where, or when. Who acts: Editor, nobody, rule. A sentence of «The Crimson Fairy Book» by Andrew Lang, The Crimson Fairy Book, part 1, with its dependency tree and 
---

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# The Crimson Fairy Book, The Crimson Fairy Book, part 1, sentence 11

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
And the Editor still avers, in Prefaces, that he did not invent one of the stories; that nobody knows, as a rule, who invented them, or where, or when.

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**Who acts:** Editor, nobody, rule · **What happens:** aver, not invent, know, invent · **To what, where:** Prefaces, one, rule, stories

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This is a sentence of «The Crimson Fairy Book» by Andrew Lang, The Crimson Fairy Book, part 1. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Editor, nobody, rule), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

<!-- .note-en -->
**Parsed by Mova, not checked by a teacher.** This tree is Mova's own parse (the `en` model, on the CPU, when the site is built); it may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg2435:1:11
# text = And the Editor still avers, in Prefaces, that he did not invent one of the stories; that nobody knows, as a rule, who invented them, or where, or when.
1	And	and	CCONJ	CC	_	5	cc	_	_
2	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
3	Editor	editor	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
4	still	still	ADV	RB	_	5	advmod	_	_
5	avers	aver	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	8	punct	_	_
7	in	in	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
8	Prefaces	preface	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	14	punct	_	_
10	that	that	SCONJ	IN	_	14	mark	_	_
11	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	14	nsubj	_	_
12	did	do	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	14	aux	_	_
13	not	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	14	advmod	_	_
14	invent	invent	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	5	conj	_	_
15	one	one	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	14	obj	_	_
16	of	of	ADP	IN	_	18	case	_	_
17	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	18	det	_	_
18	stories	story	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	15	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
19	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	22	punct	_	_
20	that	that	DET	DT	Number=Sing|PronType=Dem	21	det	_	_
21	nobody	nobody	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Neg	22	nsubj	_	_
22	knows	know	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	parataxis	_	SpaceAfter=No
23	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	26	punct	_	_
24	as	as	ADP	IN	_	26	case	_	_
25	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	26	det	_	_
26	rule	rule	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	22	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
27	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	29	punct	_	_
28	who	who	PRON	WP	PronType=Rel	29	nsubj	_	_
29	invented	invent	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	26	acl:relcl	_	_
30	them	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	29	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
31	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	33	punct	_	_
32	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	33	cc	_	_
33	where	where	ADV	WRB	PronType=Rel	29	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
34	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	36	punct	_	_
35	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	36	cc	_	_
36	when	when	ADV	WRB	PronType=Int	22	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
37	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **aver** | present | the Editor |  |  | Prefaces | still |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **not** **invent** | past · do-support | Editor | one of the stories |  |  |  |  | vn create-26.4-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent one=Result |
| 3 | **know** | present | nobody | a rule |  |  |  |  | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1-1 «NP V NP PP.attribute»: agent=Experiencer rule=Stimulus |
| 4 | **invent** | past | a rule | stories *= story* |  |  |  |  | vn create-26.4-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent they=Result |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «The Crimson Fairy Book» by Andrew Lang, Project Gutenberg book 2435 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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