---
title: He spent his winters crouching close to a warm stove, and his summer… — The Crimson Fairy Book · tree and pragmatics
description: He spent his winters crouching close to a warm stove, and his summers asleep under a shady tree; and if he was not doing either of these things he was playing tunes on his flute. Who acts: man. A sentence of «The Crimson Fairy Book» by Andrew Lang, The Crimson Fairy Book, part 10, with its dependenc
---

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# The Crimson Fairy Book, The Crimson Fairy Book, part 10, sentence 82

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He spent his winters crouching close to a warm stove, and his summers asleep under a shady tree; and if he was not doing either of these things he was playing tunes on his flute.

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**Who acts:** man · **What happens:** spend, crouch, not do, play · **To what, where:** either, tunes, flute

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This is a sentence of «The Crimson Fairy Book» by Andrew Lang, The Crimson Fairy Book, part 10. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (man), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Parsed by Mova, not checked by a teacher.** This tree is Mova's own parse (the `en` model, on the CPU, when the site is built); it may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg2435:10:82
# text = He spent his winters crouching close to a warm stove, and his summers asleep under a shady tree; and if he was not doing either of these things he was playing tunes on his flute.
1	He	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	spent	spend	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	4	nmod:poss	_	_
4	winters	winter	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	obj	_	_
5	crouching	crouch	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	2	advcl	_	_
6	close	close	ADV	RB	Degree=Pos	5	advmod	_	_
7	to	to	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
8	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
9	warm	warm	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	10	amod	_	_
10	stove	stove	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	15	punct	_	_
12	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	15	cc	_	_
13	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	14	nmod:poss	_	_
14	summers	summer	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	15	nsubj	_	_
15	asleep	asleep	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	2	advcl	_	_
16	under	under	ADP	IN	_	19	case	_	_
17	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	19	det	_	_
18	shady	shady	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	19	amod	_	_
19	tree	tree	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	15	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
20	;	;	PUNCT	,	_	26	punct	_	_
21	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	26	cc	_	_
22	if	if	SCONJ	IN	_	26	mark	_	_
23	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	26	nsubj	_	_
24	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	26	aux	_	_
25	not	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	26	advmod	_	_
26	doing	do	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	2	advcl	_	_
27	either	either	DET	DT	PronType=Ind	26	obj	_	_
28	of	of	ADP	IN	_	30	case	_	_
29	these	this	DET	DT	Number=Plur|PronType=Dem	30	det	_	_
30	things	thing	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	27	nmod	_	_
31	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	33	nsubj	_	_
32	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	33	aux	_	_
33	playing	play	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	30	acl:relcl	_	_
34	tunes	tune	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	33	obj	_	_
35	on	on	ADP	IN	_	37	case	_	_
36	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	37	nmod:poss	_	_
37	flute	flute	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	33	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
38	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **spend** | past | man |  |  |  | winter |  | vn consume-66-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **crouch** | gerund | man *not said here* |  |  |  |  | to a warm stove; close *property* | vn spatial\_configuration-47.6 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 3 | **not** **do** *a condition, not said to happen* | past · progressive | man | either |  |  |  |  | vn act-114-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent either=Eventuality |
| 4 | **play** | past · progressive | man | tunes |  | man's flute |  |  | vn use-105.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent tune=Theme |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «The Crimson Fairy Book» by Andrew Lang, Project Gutenberg book 2435 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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