---
title: Near their hut was a group of birch trees, in which some black-game… — The Crimson Fairy Book · tree and pragmatics
description: Near their hut was a group of birch trees, in which some black-game had made their nests, and the youth had often begged his father’s permission to shoot the birds, but the old man always strictly forbade him to do anything of the kind. Who acts: old man, father. A sentence of «The Crimson Fairy Boo
---

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# The Crimson Fairy Book, The Crimson Fairy Book, part 13, sentence 80

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Near their hut was a group of birch trees, in which some black-game had made their nests, and the youth had often begged his father’s permission to shoot the birds, but the old man always strictly forbade him to do anything of the kind.

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**Who acts:** old man, father · **What happens:** be, make, beg, shoot, forbid, do · **To what, where:** group, hut, black game, youth, birds, anything

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This is a sentence of «The Crimson Fairy Book» by Andrew Lang, The Crimson Fairy Book, part 13. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (old man, father), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Parsed by Mova, not checked by a teacher.** This tree is Mova's own parse (the `en` model, on the CPU, when the site is built); it may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg2435:13:80
# text = Near their hut was a group of birch trees, in which some black-game had made their nests, and the youth had often begged his father’s permission to shoot the birds, but the old man always strictly forbade him to do anything of the kind.
1	Near	near	ADP	IN	_	3	case	_	_
2	their	their	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	3	nmod:poss	_	_
3	hut	hut	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obl	_	_
4	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	6	cop	_	_
5	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	group	group	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
7	of	of	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
8	birch	birch	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	compound	_	_
9	trees	tree	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	6	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	18	punct	_	_
11	in	in	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
12	which	which	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	18	obl	_	_
13	some	some	DET	DT	PronType=Ind	16	det	_	_
14	black	black	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	16	amod	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	14	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	game	game	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	18	nsubj:pass	_	_
17	had	have	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	18	aux	_	_
18	made	make	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	6	parataxis	_	_
19	their	their	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	20	nmod:poss	_	_
20	nests	nest	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	18	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
21	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	27	punct	_	_
22	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	27	cc	_	_
23	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	24	det	_	_
24	youth	youth	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	27	nsubj:pass	_	_
25	had	have	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	27	aux	_	_
26	often	often	ADV	RB	_	27	advmod	_	_
27	begged	beg	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	18	conj	_	_
28	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	29	nmod:poss	_	_
29	father	father	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	31	nmod:poss	_	SpaceAfter=No
30	’s	's	PART	POS	_	29	case	_	_
31	permission	permission	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	27	obl	_	_
32	to	to	PART	TO	_	33	mark	_	_
33	shoot	shoot	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	31	acl	_	_
34	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	35	det	_	_
35	birds	bird	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	33	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
36	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	43	punct	_	_
37	but	but	CCONJ	CC	_	43	cc	_	_
38	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	40	det	_	_
39	old	old	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	40	amod	_	_
40	man	man	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	43	nsubj	_	_
41	always	always	ADV	RB	PronType=Tot	40	advmod	_	_
42	strictly	strictly	ADV	RB	_	43	advmod	_	_
43	forbade	forbid	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	27	conj	_	_
44	him	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	43	obj	_	_
45	to	to	PART	TO	_	46	mark	_	_
46	do	do	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	43	advcl	_	_
47	anything	anything	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Ind	46	obj	_	_
48	of	of	ADP	IN	_	50	case	_	_
49	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	50	det	_	_
50	kind	kind	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	47	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
51	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | past |  | a group |  | sons's hut |  | of birch trees | tree rules |
| 2 | **make** | past · perfect · passive |  | some black game |  | a group |  |  | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP NP»: subject=Beneficiary nest=Product |
| 3 | **beg** *speech: request* | past · perfect · passive |  | the youth |  |  |  | youth's father's permission *obl*; often *property* | vn beg-58.2-1-1 «NP V NP PP.Topic»: subject=Recipient |
| 4 | **shoot** | to-infinitive |  | the birds |  |  |  |  | vn throw-17.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent bird=Theme |
| 5 | **forbid** | past | the old man | youth |  |  |  | strictly *property* | vn forbid-64.4-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Causer he=Theme |
| 6 | **do** | to-infinitive | the old man *not said here* | anything |  |  |  |  | vn act-114-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent anything=Eventuality |
| 7 | **permit** |  | youth's father |  |  |  |  |  | nom permission «communication transitive»: poss=agent |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «The Crimson Fairy Book» by Andrew Lang, Project Gutenberg book 2435 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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