---
title: Night fell, and he was beginning to start at every sound, when sudde… — The Crimson Fairy Book · tree and pragmatics
description: Night fell, and he was beginning to start at every sound, when suddenly a magician came running towards him, with a pack of wolves snapping at his heels. Who acts: Night, boy, magician, wolves. A sentence of «The Crimson Fairy Book» by Andrew Lang, The Crimson Fairy Book, part 13, with its dependenc
---

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# The Crimson Fairy Book, The Crimson Fairy Book, part 13, sentence 88

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Night fell, and he was beginning to start at every sound, when suddenly a magician came running towards him, with a pack of wolves snapping at his heels.

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**Who acts:** Night, boy, magician, wolves · **What happens:** fall, begin, start, come, run, snap · **To what, where:** sound, heels

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This is a sentence of «The Crimson Fairy Book» by Andrew Lang, The Crimson Fairy Book, part 13. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Night, boy, magician, wolves), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

<!-- .note-en -->
**Parsed by Mova, not checked by a teacher.** This tree is Mova's own parse (the `en` model, on the CPU, when the site is built); it may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg2435:13:88
# text = Night fell, and he was beginning to start at every sound, when suddenly a magician came running towards him, with a pack of wolves snapping at his heels.
1	Night	night	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	nsubj	_	_
2	fell	fall	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	7	punct	_	_
4	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	7	cc	_	_
5	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	7	nsubj	_	_
6	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	7	aux	_	_
7	beginning	begin	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	2	conj	_	_
8	to	to	PART	TO	_	9	mark	_	_
9	start	start	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	7	xcomp	_	_
10	at	at	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
11	every	every	DET	DT	PronType=Tot	12	det	_	_
12	sound	sound	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	18	punct	_	_
14	when	when	ADV	WRB	PronType=Int	15	advmod	_	_
15	suddenly	suddenly	ADV	RB	_	18	advmod	_	_
16	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	17	det	_	_
17	magician	magician	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	18	nsubj	_	_
18	came	come	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	2	conj	_	_
19	running	run	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	18	advcl	_	_
20	towards	towards	ADP	IN	_	21	case	_	_
21	him	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	19	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
22	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	25	punct	_	_
23	with	with	ADP	IN	_	25	case	_	_
24	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	25	det	_	_
25	pack	pack	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	18	conj	_	_
26	of	of	ADP	IN	_	27	case	_	_
27	wolves	wolf	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	25	nmod	_	_
28	snapping	snap	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	27	acl	_	_
29	at	at	ADP	IN	_	31	case	_	_
30	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	31	nmod:poss	_	_
31	heels	heel	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	28	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
32	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **fall** | past | Night |  |  |  |  |  | vn occur-48.3 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 2 | **begin** | past · progressive | boy |  |  |  |  |  | vn begin-55.1-1-1 «NP V S\_INF»: agent=Agent clause=Eventuality |
| 3 | **start** | to-infinitive | boy *not said here* |  |  | every sound |  |  | vn begin-55.1-1-1 «NP.eventuality V»: agent=Eventuality |
| 4 | **come** | past | a magician |  |  |  |  | suddenly *property* | vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 5 | **run** | gerund | a magician *not said here* |  |  |  |  | towards boy | vn run-51.3.2-2-1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme towards he=Destination |
| 6 | **snap** | gerund | wolves *not said here* |  |  | boy's heels |  |  | vn sound\_emission-43.2 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme at heel=Location |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «The Crimson Fairy Book» by Andrew Lang, Project Gutenberg book 2435 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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