---
title: “Who knows?” cried Dame Ilse at last, “the wretch may have been idli… — The Crimson Fairy Book · tree and pragmatics
description: “Who knows?” cried Dame Ilse at last, “the wretch may have been idling in some tavern since early morning.” Who acts: Dame, wretch. A sentence of «The Crimson Fairy Book» by Andrew Lang, The Crimson Fairy Book, part 16, with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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# The Crimson Fairy Book, The Crimson Fairy Book, part 16, sentence 70

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“Who knows?” cried Dame Ilse at last, “the wretch may have been idling in some tavern since early morning.”

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**Who acts:** Dame, wretch · **What happens:** know, cry, idle · **To what, where:** last, tavern · **Speech:** someone speaks here

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This is a sentence of «The Crimson Fairy Book» by Andrew Lang, The Crimson Fairy Book, part 16. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Dame, wretch), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Parsed by Mova, not checked by a teacher.** This tree is Mova's own parse (the `en` model, on the CPU, when the site is built); it may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg2435:16:70
# text = “Who knows?” cried Dame Ilse at last, “the wretch may have been idling in some tavern since early morning.”
1	“	"	PUNCT	``	_	3	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	Who	who	PRON	WP	PronType=Rel	3	nsubj	_	_
3	knows	know	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	?	?	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	”	"	PUNCT	''	_	3	punct	_	_
6	cried	cry	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	3	ccomp	_	_
7	Dame	Dame	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	6	nsubj	_	_
8	Ilse	Ilse	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	7	flat	_	_
9	at	at	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
10	last	last	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	18	punct	_	_
12	“	"	PUNCT	``	_	18	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	14	det	_	_
14	wretch	wretch	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	18	nsubj	_	_
15	may	may	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	18	aux	_	_
16	have	have	AUX	VB	VerbForm=Inf	18	aux	_	_
17	been	be	AUX	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	18	aux	_	_
18	idling	idle	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	6	advcl	_	_
19	in	in	ADP	IN	_	21	case	_	_
20	some	some	DET	DT	PronType=Ind	21	det	_	_
21	tavern	tavern	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	18	obl	_	_
22	since	since	ADP	IN	_	24	case	_	_
23	early	early	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	24	amod	_	_
24	morning	morning	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	18	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
25	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
26	”	"	PUNCT	''	_	3	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **know** *in a quote* | present |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1-1 «NP V S\_ING»: agent=Experiencer clause=Stimulus |
| 2 | **cry** *speech: express* | past | Dame |  |  | last |  |  | vn sound\_emission-43.2 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme at last=Location |
| 3 | **idle** *in a quote* | may · perfect · progressive | the wretch |  |  | some tavern | morning |  | tree rules |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «The Crimson Fairy Book» by Andrew Lang, Project Gutenberg book 2435 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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