---
title: “What sort of animals are these?” asked the youth of one of the ladi… — The Crimson Fairy Book · tree and pragmatics
description: “What sort of animals are these?” asked the youth of one of the ladies sitting near him. Who acts: sort, ladies. A sentence of «The Crimson Fairy Book» by Andrew Lang, The Crimson Fairy Book, part 18, with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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# The Crimson Fairy Book, The Crimson Fairy Book, part 18, sentence 35

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“What sort of animals are these?” asked the youth of one of the ladies sitting near him.

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**Who acts:** sort, ladies · **What happens:** be, ask, sit, sort · **To what, where:** these, youth, animals · **Speech:** someone speaks here

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This is a sentence of «The Crimson Fairy Book» by Andrew Lang, The Crimson Fairy Book, part 18. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (sort, ladies), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Parsed by Mova, not checked by a teacher.** This tree is Mova's own parse (the `en` model, on the CPU, when the site is built); it may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg2435:18:35
# text = “What sort of animals are these?” asked the youth of one of the ladies sitting near him.
1	“	"	PUNCT	``	_	3	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	What	what	DET	WDT	PronType=Int	3	det	_	_
3	sort	sort	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	nsubj	_	_
4	of	of	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
5	animals	animal	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	nmod	_	_
6	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	7	cop	_	_
7	these	this	PRON	DT	Number=Plur|PronType=Dem	3	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	?	?	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	”	"	PUNCT	''	_	3	punct	_	_
10	asked	ask	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
11	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	12	det	_	_
12	youth	youth	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	obj	_	_
13	of	of	ADP	IN	_	14	case	_	_
14	one	one	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	12	nmod	_	_
15	of	of	ADP	IN	_	17	case	_	_
16	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	17	det	_	_
17	ladies	lady	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	14	nmod	_	_
18	sitting	sit	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	17	acl	_	_
19	near	near	ADP	IN	_	20	case	_	_
20	him	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	18	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
21	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	10	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** *in a quote* | present |  | these |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **ask** *speech: ask* | past | what sort of animals | the youth of one of the ladies |  |  |  |  | vn inquire-37.1.2 «NP V NP.recipient»: agent=Agent youth=Recipient |
| 3 | **sit** | gerund | the ladies *not said here* |  |  |  |  | near youth | vn assuming\_position-50 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Agent near he=Location |
| 4 | **sort** *in a quote* |  |  | animals |  |  |  |  | nom sort «cognition transitive»: of=patient |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «The Crimson Fairy Book» by Andrew Lang, Project Gutenberg book 2435 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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