---
title: This king had one son whom his father thought was wiser and cleverer… — The Crimson Fairy Book · tree and pragmatics
description: This king had one son whom his father thought was wiser and cleverer than any son ever was before, and indeed his father had spared no pains to make him so. Who acts: king, father, one son. A sentence of «The Crimson Fairy Book» by Andrew Lang, The Crimson Fairy Book, part 18, with its dependency tr
---

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# The Crimson Fairy Book, The Crimson Fairy Book, part 18, sentence 52

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
This king had one son whom his father thought was wiser and cleverer than any son ever was before, and indeed his father had spared no pains to make him so.

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**Who acts:** king, father, one son · **What happens:** have, think, be, spare, make · **To what, where:** one son, pains, king

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This is a sentence of «The Crimson Fairy Book» by Andrew Lang, The Crimson Fairy Book, part 18. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (king, father, one son), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Parsed by Mova, not checked by a teacher.** This tree is Mova's own parse (the `en` model, on the CPU, when the site is built); it may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg2435:18:52
# text = This king had one son whom his father thought was wiser and cleverer than any son ever was before, and indeed his father had spared no pains to make him so.
1	This	this	DET	DT	Number=Sing|PronType=Dem	2	det	_	_
2	king	king	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	had	have	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	one	one	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	5	nummod	_	_
5	son	son	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	nsubj	_	_
6	whom	whom	PRON	WP	PronType=Rel	9	obj	_	_
7	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	8	nmod:poss	_	_
8	father	father	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	nsubj	_	_
9	thought	think	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	5	acl:relcl	_	_
10	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	11	cop	_	_
11	wiser	wise	ADJ	JJR	Degree=Cmp	3	parataxis	_	_
12	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	13	cc	_	_
13	cleverer	clever	ADJ	JJR	Degree=Cmp	11	conj	_	_
14	than	than	ADP	IN	_	16	case	_	_
15	any	any	DET	DT	PronType=Ind	16	det	_	_
16	son	son	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	13	obl	_	_
17	ever	ever	ADV	RB	PronType=Ind	19	advmod	_	_
18	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	19	cop	_	_
19	before	before	ADV	RB	_	16	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
20	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	26	punct	_	_
21	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	26	cc	_	_
22	indeed	indeed	ADV	RB	_	26	advmod	_	_
23	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	24	nmod:poss	_	_
24	father	father	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	26	nsubj	_	_
25	had	have	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	26	aux	_	_
26	spared	spare	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	3	conj	_	_
27	no	no	DET	DT	PronType=Neg	28	det	_	_
28	pains	pain	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	26	obj	_	_
29	to	to	PART	TO	_	30	mark	_	_
30	make	make	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	26	advcl	_	_
31	him	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	30	obj	_	_
32	so	so	ADV	RB	_	30	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
33	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **have** | past | this king |  |  |  |  |  | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **think** *speech: other* | past | king's father | one son |  |  |  |  | vn wish-62 «NP V NP»: agent=Pivot whom=Theme |
| 3 | **is** | past | one son |  |  |  |  | wise *property* | tree rules |
| 4 | **be** |  | one son *not said here* |  |  |  |  | than any son | tree rules |
| 5 | **is** | past |  |  |  |  | ever | before *property* | tree rules |
| 6 | **spare** | past · perfect | king's father | no pains |  |  |  | indeed *property* | vn bill-54.5 «NP V NP NP.asset»: agent=Agent pain=Asset |
| 7 | **make** | to-infinitive | king's father *not said here* | king |  |  |  |  | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset he=Product |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «The Crimson Fairy Book» by Andrew Lang, Project Gutenberg book 2435 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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