---
title: Once upon a time there lived a stone-cutter, who went every day to a… — The Crimson Fairy Book · tree and pragmatics
description: Once upon a time there lived a stone-cutter, who went every day to a great rock in the side of a big mountain and cut out slabs for gravestones or for houses. Who acts: stone cutter. A sentence of «The Crimson Fairy Book» by Andrew Lang, The Crimson Fairy Book, part 19, with its dependency tree and 
---

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# The Crimson Fairy Book, The Crimson Fairy Book, part 19, sentence 112

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Once upon a time there lived a stone-cutter, who went every day to a great rock in the side of a big mountain and cut out slabs for gravestones or for houses.

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**Who acts:** stone cutter · **What happens:** live, go, cut out · **To what, where:** stone cutter, side, slabs

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This is a sentence of «The Crimson Fairy Book» by Andrew Lang, The Crimson Fairy Book, part 19. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (stone cutter), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Parsed by Mova, not checked by a teacher.** This tree is Mova's own parse (the `en` model, on the CPU, when the site is built); it may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg2435:19:112
# text = Once upon a time there lived a stone-cutter, who went every day to a great rock in the side of a big mountain and cut out slabs for gravestones or for houses.
1	Once	once	ADV	RB	NumForm=Word|NumType=Mult	6	advmod	_	_
2	upon	upon	ADP	IN	_	4	case	_	_
3	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	time	time	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obl	_	_
5	there	there	ADV	RB	PronType=Dem	6	advmod	_	_
6	lived	live	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
7	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
8	stone	stone	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	compound	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	8	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	cutter	cutter	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	13	punct	_	_
12	who	who	PRON	WP	PronType=Rel	13	nsubj	_	_
13	went	go	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	10	acl:relcl	_	_
14	every	every	DET	DT	PronType=Tot	15	det	_	_
15	day	day	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	13	obl:unmarked	_	_
16	to	to	ADP	IN	_	19	case	_	_
17	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	19	det	_	_
18	great	great	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	19	amod	_	_
19	rock	rock	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	13	obl	_	_
20	in	in	ADP	IN	_	22	case	_	_
21	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	22	det	_	_
22	side	side	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	13	obl	_	_
23	of	of	ADP	IN	_	26	case	_	_
24	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	26	det	_	_
25	big	big	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	26	amod	_	_
26	mountain	mountain	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	22	nmod	_	_
27	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	28	cc	_	_
28	cut	cut	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	13	conj	_	_
29	out	out	ADP	RP	_	28	compound:prt	_	_
30	slabs	slab	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	28	obj	_	_
31	for	for	ADP	IN	_	32	case	_	_
32	gravestones	gravestone	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	30	nmod	_	_
33	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	35	cc	_	_
34	for	for	ADP	IN	_	35	case	_	_
35	houses	house	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	32	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
36	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **live** | past |  | a stone cutter |  | there | time | once *property* | vn lodge-46 «NP V ADV»: agent=Theme cutter=Location |
| 2 | **go** | past | a stone cutter |  |  | the side of a big mountain | day | to a great rock | vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V PP.initial\_location»: agent=Theme to rock=Initial\_Location |
| 3 | **cut out** | participle | a stone cutter *not said here* | slabs |  |  |  | for gravestones or houses | vn stop-55.4-1 «NP V NP.eventuality»: agent=Affector slab=Eventuality |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «The Crimson Fairy Book» by Andrew Lang, Project Gutenberg book 2435 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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