---
title: The stone-cutter, however, had never seen this spirit, and only shoo… — The Crimson Fairy Book · tree and pragmatics
description: The stone-cutter, however, had never seen this spirit, and only shook his head, with an unbelieving air, when anyone spoke of it. Who acts: stone cutter, anyone. A sentence of «The Crimson Fairy Book» by Andrew Lang, The Crimson Fairy Book, part 19, with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of eve
---

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[Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg2435/19/116/)

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# The Crimson Fairy Book, The Crimson Fairy Book, part 19, sentence 116

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The stone-cutter, however, had never seen this spirit, and only shook his head, with an unbelieving air, when anyone spoke of it.

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**Who acts:** stone cutter, anyone · **What happens:** not see, shake, unbeliev, speak · **To what, where:** spirit, head · **Speech:** someone speaks here

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This is a sentence of «The Crimson Fairy Book» by Andrew Lang, The Crimson Fairy Book, part 19. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (stone cutter, anyone), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Parsed by Mova, not checked by a teacher.** This tree is Mova's own parse (the `en` model, on the CPU, when the site is built); it may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg2435:19:116
# text = The stone-cutter, however, had never seen this spirit, and only shook his head, with an unbelieving air, when anyone spoke of it.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
2	stone	stone	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	compound	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	2	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	cutter	cutter	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	16	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	4	punct	_	_
6	however	however	ADV	RB	_	10	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	6	punct	_	_
8	had	have	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	10	aux	_	_
9	never	never	ADV	RB	PronType=Neg	10	advmod	_	_
10	seen	see	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	4	acl:relcl	_	_
11	this	this	DET	DT	Number=Sing|PronType=Dem	12	det	_	_
12	spirit	spirit	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	16	punct	_	_
14	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	16	cc	_	_
15	only	only	ADV	RB	_	16	advmod	_	_
16	shook	shake	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
17	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	18	nmod:poss	_	_
18	head	head	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	16	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
19	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	23	punct	_	_
20	with	with	ADP	IN	_	23	case	_	_
21	an	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	23	det	_	_
22	unbelieving	unbeliev	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	23	amod	_	_
23	air	air	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	16	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
24	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	27	punct	_	_
25	when	when	ADV	WRB	PronType=Int	27	advmod	_	_
26	anyone	anyone	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Ind	27	nsubj	_	_
27	spoke	speak	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	16	parataxis	_	_
28	of	of	ADP	IN	_	29	case	_	_
29	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	27	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
30	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	16	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **not** **see** | past · perfect | the stone cutter *not said here* | this spirit |  |  |  | however *property* | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer spirit=Stimulus |
| 2 | **shake** | past | the stone cutter | Cutter's head |  |  |  | with a unbelieving air | vn shake-22.3-2 «NP V NP PP»: agent=Agent head=Patient with air=Co-Patient |
| 3 | **unbeliev** | gerund |  |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 4 | **speak** *speech: other* | past | anyone |  |  |  |  | of spirit | vn talk-37.5 «NP V»: agent=Agent |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «The Crimson Fairy Book» by Andrew Lang, Project Gutenberg book 2435 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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