---
title: One morning the heat was so great that the stone-cutter could scarce… — The Crimson Fairy Book · tree and pragmatics
description: One morning the heat was so great that the stone-cutter could scarcely breathe, and he determined he would stay at home till the evening. Who acts: heat, stone cutter, cutter. A sentence of «The Crimson Fairy Book» by Andrew Lang, The Crimson Fairy Book, part 20, with its dependency tree and the pra
---

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# The Crimson Fairy Book, The Crimson Fairy Book, part 20, sentence 7

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
One morning the heat was so great that the stone-cutter could scarcely breathe, and he determined he would stay at home till the evening.

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**Who acts:** heat, stone cutter, cutter · **What happens:** be, breathe, determine, stay · **To what, where:** home

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This is a sentence of «The Crimson Fairy Book» by Andrew Lang, The Crimson Fairy Book, part 20. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (heat, stone cutter, cutter), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Parsed by Mova, not checked by a teacher.** This tree is Mova's own parse (the `en` model, on the CPU, when the site is built); it may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg2435:20:7
# text = One morning the heat was so great that the stone-cutter could scarcely breathe, and he determined he would stay at home till the evening.
1	One	one	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	2	nummod	_	_
2	morning	morning	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	obl:unmarked	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	heat	heat	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	nsubj	_	_
5	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	7	cop	_	_
6	so	so	ADV	RB	_	7	advmod	_	_
7	great	great	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	_
8	that	that	SCONJ	IN	_	15	mark	_	_
9	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	12	det	_	_
10	stone	stone	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	12	compound	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	10	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	cutter	cutter	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	15	nsubj	_	_
13	could	could	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	15	aux	_	_
14	scarcely	scarcely	ADV	RB	_	15	advmod	_	_
15	breathe	breathe	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	7	advcl	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	19	punct	_	_
17	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	19	cc	_	_
18	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	19	nsubj	_	_
19	determined	determine	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	15	conj	_	_
20	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	22	nsubj	_	_
21	would	would	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	22	aux	_	_
22	stay	stay	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	19	ccomp	_	_
23	at	at	ADP	IN	_	24	case	_	_
24	home	home	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	22	obl	_	_
25	till	till	ADP	IN	_	27	case	_	_
26	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	27	det	_	_
27	evening	evening	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	22	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
28	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	7	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | past | the heat |  |  |  | morning | great *property* | tree rules |
| 2 | **breathe** | could | the stone cutter |  |  |  |  | scarcely *property* | vn breathe-40.1.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 3 | **determine** | past | cutter |  |  |  |  |  | vn conjecture-29.5 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Theme |
| 4 | **stay** | would | cutter |  |  | home | evening |  | vn exist-47.1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme at home=Location |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «The Crimson Fairy Book» by Andrew Lang, Project Gutenberg book 2435 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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