---
title: “Who has been teaching you wisdom?” asked the fox, forgetting his ma… — The Crimson Fairy Book · tree and pragmatics
description: “Who has been teaching you wisdom?” asked the fox, forgetting his manners in his surprise at this new turn of affairs. Who acts: fox. A sentence of «The Crimson Fairy Book» by Andrew Lang, The Crimson Fairy Book, part 24, with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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# The Crimson Fairy Book, The Crimson Fairy Book, part 24, sentence 87

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“Who has been teaching you wisdom?” asked the fox, forgetting his manners in his surprise at this new turn of affairs.

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**Who acts:** fox · **What happens:** teach, ask, forget, surprise · **To what, where:** wisdom, you, manners, surprise · **Speech:** someone speaks here

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This is a sentence of «The Crimson Fairy Book» by Andrew Lang, The Crimson Fairy Book, part 24. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (fox), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Parsed by Mova, not checked by a teacher.** This tree is Mova's own parse (the `en` model, on the CPU, when the site is built); it may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg2435:24:87
# text = “Who has been teaching you wisdom?” asked the fox, forgetting his manners in his surprise at this new turn of affairs.
1	“	"	PUNCT	``	_	5	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	Who	who	PRON	WP	PronType=Rel	5	nsubj	_	_
3	has	have	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	aux	_	_
4	been	be	AUX	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	5	aux	_	_
5	teaching	teach	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	10	ccomp	_	_
6	you	you	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Person=2|PronType=Prs	5	obj	_	_
7	wisdom	wisdom	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	?	?	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	”	"	PUNCT	''	_	5	punct	_	_
10	asked	ask	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
11	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	12	det	_	_
12	fox	fox	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	14	punct	_	_
14	forgetting	forget	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	10	advcl	_	_
15	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	16	nmod:poss	_	_
16	manners	manners	NOUN	NNS	Number=Ptan	14	obj	_	_
17	in	in	ADP	IN	_	19	case	_	_
18	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	19	nmod:poss	_	_
19	surprise	surprise	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	14	obl	_	_
20	at	at	ADP	IN	_	23	case	_	_
21	this	this	DET	DT	Number=Sing|PronType=Dem	23	det	_	_
22	new	new	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	23	amod	_	_
23	turn	turn	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	14	obl	_	_
24	of	of	ADP	IN	_	25	case	_	_
25	affairs	affair	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	23	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
26	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	10	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **teach** *speech: other* *in a quote* | present · perfect · progressive |  | wisdom | you |  |  |  | vn transfer\_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V NP-Dative NP»: agent=Agent you=Recipient wisdom=Topic |
| 2 | **ask** *speech: ask* | past | the fox |  |  |  |  |  | vn inquire-37.1.2 «NP V how S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic |
| 3 | **forget** | gerund | the fox *not said here* | fox's manners |  | fox's surprise |  | at this new turn of affairs | tree rules |
| 4 | **surprise** |  | fox |  |  |  |  |  | nom surprise «feeling transitive»: poss=agent |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «The Crimson Fairy Book» by Andrew Lang, Project Gutenberg book 2435 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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