---
title: “That is nothing but a lie from beginning to end,” said the herdsman. — The Crimson Fairy Book · tree and pragmatics
description: “That is nothing but a lie from beginning to end,” said the herdsman. Who acts: That, lie, herdsman. A sentence of «The Crimson Fairy Book» by Andrew Lang, The Crimson Fairy Book, part 26, with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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[Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg2435/26/101/)

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# The Crimson Fairy Book, The Crimson Fairy Book, part 26, sentence 101

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“That is nothing but a lie from beginning to end,” said the herdsman.

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**Who acts:** That, lie, herdsman · **What happens:** be, begin, say · **To what, where:** nothing · **Speech:** someone speaks here

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This is a sentence of «The Crimson Fairy Book» by Andrew Lang, The Crimson Fairy Book, part 26. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (That, lie, herdsman), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Parsed by Mova, not checked by a teacher.** This tree is Mova's own parse (the `en` model, on the CPU, when the site is built); it may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg2435:26:101
# text = “That is nothing but a lie from beginning to end,” said the herdsman.
1	“	"	PUNCT	``	_	4	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	That	that	PRON	DT	Number=Sing|PronType=Dem	4	nsubj	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	cop	_	_
4	nothing	nothing	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Neg	14	nsubj	_	_
5	but	but	CCONJ	CC	_	7	cc	_	_
6	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	lie	lie	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	conj	_	_
8	from	from	SCONJ	IN	_	9	mark	_	_
9	beginning	begin	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	7	acl	_	_
10	to	to	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
11	end	end	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	4	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	”	"	PUNCT	''	_	4	punct	_	_
14	said	say	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
15	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	16	det	_	_
16	herdsman	herdsman	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	14	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
17	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	14	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** *in a quote* | present | That | nothing |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **begin** *in a quote* | gerund | a lie *not said here* |  |  |  | to end |  | vn begin-55.1-1-1 «NP.eventuality V»: agent=Eventuality |
| 3 | **say** *speech: assert* | past | the herdsman |  |  |  |  |  | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «The Crimson Fairy Book» by Andrew Lang, Project Gutenberg book 2435 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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