---
title: And he opened the gate of the fold, where the sheep had been all nig… — The Crimson Fairy Book · tree and pragmatics
description: And he opened the gate of the fold, where the sheep had been all night, and drove them out into the meadow. Who acts: youth, sheep. A sentence of «The Crimson Fairy Book» by Andrew Lang, The Crimson Fairy Book, part 26, with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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# The Crimson Fairy Book, The Crimson Fairy Book, part 26, sentence 74

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And he opened the gate of the fold, where the sheep had been all night, and drove them out into the meadow.

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**Who acts:** youth, sheep · **What happens:** open, be, drive out · **To what, where:** gate, night, sheep, meadow

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This is a sentence of «The Crimson Fairy Book» by Andrew Lang, The Crimson Fairy Book, part 26. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (youth, sheep), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Parsed by Mova, not checked by a teacher.** This tree is Mova's own parse (the `en` model, on the CPU, when the site is built); it may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg2435:26:74
# text = And he opened the gate of the fold, where the sheep had been all night, and drove them out into the meadow.
1	And	and	CCONJ	CC	_	3	cc	_	_
2	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	3	nsubj	_	_
3	opened	open	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	gate	gate	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	_
6	of	of	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	fold	fold	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	16	punct	_	_
10	where	where	ADV	WRB	PronType=Rel	16	advmod	_	_
11	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	12	det	_	_
12	sheep	sheep	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	16	nsubj	_	_
13	had	have	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	16	aux	_	_
14	been	be	AUX	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	16	cop	_	_
15	all	all	DET	DT	PronType=Tot	16	det	_	_
16	night	night	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	appos	_	SpaceAfter=No
17	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	19	punct	_	_
18	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	19	cc	_	_
19	drove	drive	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	3	conj	_	_
20	them	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	19	obj	_	_
21	out	out	ADP	RP	_	19	compound:prt	_	_
22	into	into	ADP	IN	_	24	case	_	_
23	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	24	det	_	_
24	meadow	meadow	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	19	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
25	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **open** | past | youth | the gate of the fold |  |  |  |  | vn spatial\_configuration-47.6-1 «PP.location V NP»: agent=Location gate=Theme |
| 2 | **is a** | past · perfect | the sheep | all night |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 3 | **drive out** | past | youth *not said here* | sheep |  | the meadow |  |  | vn nonvehicle-51.4.2-1 «NP V NP PP.location»: agent=Agent they=Theme into meadow=Trajectory |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «The Crimson Fairy Book» by Andrew Lang, Project Gutenberg book 2435 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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