---
title: “Where are the sheep?” asked the herdsman as the young man ran panti… — The Crimson Fairy Book · tree and pragmatics
description: “Where are the sheep?” asked the herdsman as the young man ran panting up the steps. Who acts: sheep, young man. A sentence of «The Crimson Fairy Book» by Andrew Lang, The Crimson Fairy Book, part 26, with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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# The Crimson Fairy Book, The Crimson Fairy Book, part 26, sentence 91

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
“Where are the sheep?” asked the herdsman as the young man ran panting up the steps.

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**Who acts:** sheep, young man · **What happens:** be, ask, run, pant up · **To what, where:** sheep, herdsman, steps · **Speech:** someone speaks here

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This is a sentence of «The Crimson Fairy Book» by Andrew Lang, The Crimson Fairy Book, part 26. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (sheep, young man), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

<!-- .note-en -->
**Parsed by Mova, not checked by a teacher.** This tree is Mova's own parse (the `en` model, on the CPU, when the site is built); it may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg2435:26:91
# text = “Where are the sheep?” asked the herdsman as the young man ran panting up the steps.
1	“	"	PUNCT	``	_	8	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	Where	where	ADV	WRB	PronType=Rel	5	advmod	_	_
3	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	cop	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	sheep	sheep	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	8	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	?	?	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	”	"	PUNCT	''	_	5	punct	_	_
8	asked	ask	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
9	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
10	herdsman	herdsman	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	obj	_	_
11	as	as	SCONJ	IN	_	15	mark	_	_
12	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	14	det	_	_
13	young	young	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	14	amod	_	_
14	man	man	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	15	nsubj	_	_
15	ran	run	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	8	advcl	_	_
16	panting	pant	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	15	xcomp	_	_
17	up	up	ADP	RP	_	16	compound:prt	_	_
18	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	19	det	_	_
19	steps	step	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	16	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
20	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	8	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** *in a quote* | present |  | the sheep |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **ask** *speech: ask* | past | the sheep | the herdsman |  |  |  |  | vn inquire-37.1.2 «NP V NP.recipient»: agent=Agent herdsman=Recipient |
| 3 | **run** | past | the young man |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 4 | **pant up** | gerund | the young man *not said here* | the steps |  |  |  |  | vn manner\_speaking-37.3 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent step=Topic |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «The Crimson Fairy Book» by Andrew Lang, Project Gutenberg book 2435 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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