---
title: “Wretch!” cried the herdsman, when he had heard this story, “even if… — The Crimson Fairy Book · tree and pragmatics
description: “Wretch!” cried the herdsman, when he had heard this story, “even if you did not lie before, you are lying now.” Who acts: Wretch, you. A sentence of «The Crimson Fairy Book» by Andrew Lang, The Crimson Fairy Book, part 27, with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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# The Crimson Fairy Book, The Crimson Fairy Book, part 27, sentence 13

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
“Wretch!” cried the herdsman, when he had heard this story, “even if you did not lie before, you are lying now.”

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**Who acts:** Wretch, you · **What happens:** cry, hear, lie · **To what, where:** herdsman, story · **Speech:** someone speaks here

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This is a sentence of «The Crimson Fairy Book» by Andrew Lang, The Crimson Fairy Book, part 27. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Wretch, you), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Parsed by Mova, not checked by a teacher.** This tree is Mova's own parse (the `en` model, on the CPU, when the site is built); it may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg2435:27:13
# text = “Wretch!” cried the herdsman, when he had heard this story, “even if you did not lie before, you are lying now.”
1	“	"	PUNCT	``	_	2	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	Wretch	wretch	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	!	!	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	”	"	PUNCT	''	_	2	punct	_	_
5	cried	cry	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	herdsman	herdsman	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	12	punct	_	_
9	when	when	ADV	WRB	PronType=Int	12	advmod	_	_
10	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	12	nsubj	_	_
11	had	have	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	12	aux	_	_
12	heard	hear	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	5	parataxis	_	_
13	this	this	DET	DT	Number=Sing|PronType=Dem	14	det	_	_
14	story	story	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	12	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	27	punct	_	_
16	“	"	PUNCT	``	_	27	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
17	even	even	ADV	RB	_	22	advmod	_	_
18	if	if	SCONJ	IN	_	22	mark	_	_
19	you	you	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Person=2|PronType=Prs	22	nsubj	_	_
20	did	do	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=2|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	22	aux	_	_
21	not	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	22	advmod	_	_
22	lie	lie	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	27	aux	_	_
23	before	before	ADV	RB	_	22	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
24	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	27	punct	_	_
25	you	you	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Person=2|PronType=Prs	27	nsubj	_	_
26	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=2|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	27	aux	_	_
27	lying	lie	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	12	conj	_	_
28	now	now	ADV	RB	PronType=Dem	27	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
29	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
30	”	"	PUNCT	''	_	5	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **cry** *speech: express* | past | Wretch | the herdsman |  |  |  |  | vn manner\_speaking-37.3 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent herdsman=Topic |
| 2 | **hear** | past · perfect | Wretch | this story |  |  |  |  | vn see-30.1-1-1 «NP V S»: agent=Experiencer story=Stimulus |
| 3 | **lie** *in a quote* | infinitive · progressive | you |  |  |  | now |  | vn assuming\_position-50 «NP V»: agent=Agent |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «The Crimson Fairy Book» by Andrew Lang, Project Gutenberg book 2435 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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