---
title: So he sat down on a stone and cracked it with his teeth, and then to… — The Crimson Fairy Book · tree and pragmatics
description: So he sat down on a stone and cracked it with his teeth, and then took it out of his mouth to break off the shell. Who acts: Peter. A sentence of «The Crimson Fairy Book» by Andrew Lang, The Crimson Fairy Book, part 27, with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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# The Crimson Fairy Book, The Crimson Fairy Book, part 27, sentence 64

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
So he sat down on a stone and cracked it with his teeth, and then took it out of his mouth to break off the shell.

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**Who acts:** Peter · **What happens:** sit down, crack, take, break off · **To what, where:** stone, nut, mouth, shell

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This is a sentence of «The Crimson Fairy Book» by Andrew Lang, The Crimson Fairy Book, part 27. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Peter), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Parsed by Mova, not checked by a teacher.** This tree is Mova's own parse (the `en` model, on the CPU, when the site is built); it may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg2435:27:64
# text = So he sat down on a stone and cracked it with his teeth, and then took it out of his mouth to break off the shell.
1	So	so	ADV	RB	_	3	advmod	_	_
2	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	3	nsubj	_	_
3	sat	sit	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	down	down	ADP	RP	_	3	compound:prt	_	_
5	on	on	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	stone	stone	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	_
8	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	9	cc	_	_
9	cracked	crack	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	3	conj	_	_
10	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	9	obj	_	_
11	with	with	ADP	IN	_	13	case	_	_
12	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	13	nmod:poss	_	_
13	teeth	tooth	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	9	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	17	punct	_	_
15	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	17	cc	_	_
16	then	then	ADV	RB	PronType=Dem	17	advmod	_	_
17	took	take	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	3	conj	_	_
18	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	17	obj	_	_
19	out	out	ADP	IN	_	22	case	_	_
20	of	of	ADP	IN	_	22	case	_	_
21	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	22	nmod:poss	_	_
22	mouth	mouth	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	17	obl	_	_
23	to	to	PART	TO	_	24	mark	_	_
24	break	break	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	17	advcl	_	_
25	off	off	ADP	RP	_	24	compound:prt	_	_
26	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	27	det	_	_
27	shell	shell	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	24	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
28	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **sit down** | past | Peter |  |  | a stone |  |  | vn assuming\_position-50 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Agent on stone=Location |
| 2 | **crack** | past | Peter *not said here* | nut |  |  |  | with Peter's teeth | vn break-45.1 «NP V NP PP.instrument»: agent=Agent it=Patient with tooth=Instrument |
| 3 | **take** | past | Peter *not said here* | nut |  | Peter's mouth | then |  | vn bring-11.3 «NP V NP PP.initial\_location»: agent=Agent it=Theme out mouth=Initial\_Location |
| 4 | **break off** | to-infinitive | Peter *not said here* | the shell |  |  |  |  | vn hurt-40.8.3-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer shell=Patient |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «The Crimson Fairy Book» by Andrew Lang, Project Gutenberg book 2435 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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