---
title: It was in the hottest part of summer that they began their journey,… — The Crimson Fairy Book · tree and pragmatics
description: It was in the hottest part of summer that they began their journey, so hot that they could not travel at all in the middle of the day, and they were afraid to do it by night lest they might lose their way or fall into the hands of robbers. Who acts: gun, Niels. A sentence of «The Crimson Fairy Book»
---

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[Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg2435/29/116/)

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# The Crimson Fairy Book, The Crimson Fairy Book, part 29, sentence 116

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
It was in the hottest part of summer that they began their journey, so hot that they could not travel at all in the middle of the day, and they were afraid to do it by night lest they might lose their way or fall into the hands of robbers.

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**Who acts:** gun, Niels · **What happens:** be, begin, not travel, do, lose, fall · **To what, where:** hottest part, all, gun, way, hands

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This is a sentence of «The Crimson Fairy Book» by Andrew Lang, The Crimson Fairy Book, part 29. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (gun, Niels), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Parsed by Mova, not checked by a teacher.** This tree is Mova's own parse (the `en` model, on the CPU, when the site is built); it may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg2435:29:116
# text = It was in the hottest part of summer that they began their journey, so hot that they could not travel at all in the middle of the day, and they were afraid to do it by night lest they might lose their way or fall into the hands of robbers.
1	It	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	6	nsubj	_	_
2	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	6	cop	_	_
3	in	in	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
5	hottest	hot	ADJ	JJS	Degree=Sup	6	amod	_	_
6	part	part	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
7	of	of	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
8	summer	summer	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nmod	_	_
9	that	that	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	11	obj	_	_
10	they	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	11	nsubj	_	_
11	began	begin	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	6	acl:relcl	_	_
12	their	their	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	13	nmod:poss	_	_
13	journey	journey	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	16	punct	_	_
15	so	so	ADV	RB	_	16	advmod	_	_
16	hot	hot	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	11	parataxis	_	_
17	that	that	SCONJ	IN	_	21	mark	_	_
18	they	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	21	nsubj	_	_
19	could	could	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	21	aux	_	_
20	not	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	21	advmod	_	_
21	travel	travel	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	16	advcl	_	_
22	at	at	ADP	IN	_	23	case	_	_
23	all	all	DET	DT	PronType=Tot	21	obl	_	_
24	in	in	ADP	IN	_	26	case	_	_
25	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	26	det	_	_
26	middle	middle	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	21	obl	_	_
27	of	of	ADP	IN	_	29	case	_	_
28	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	29	det	_	_
29	day	day	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	26	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
30	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	34	punct	_	_
31	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	34	cc	_	_
32	they	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	34	nsubj	_	_
33	were	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	34	cop	_	_
34	afraid	afraid	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	11	advcl	_	_
35	to	to	PART	TO	_	36	mark	_	_
36	do	do	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	43	advcl	_	_
37	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	36	obj	_	_
38	by	by	ADP	IN	_	39	case	_	_
39	night	night	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	36	obl	_	_
40	lest	lest	SCONJ	IN	_	43	mark	_	_
41	they	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	43	nsubj	_	_
42	might	might	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	43	aux	_	_
43	lose	lose	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	34	ccomp	_	_
44	their	their	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	45	nmod:poss	_	_
45	way	way	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	43	obj	_	_
46	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	47	cc	_	_
47	fall	fall	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	43	conj	_	_
48	into	into	ADP	IN	_	50	case	_	_
49	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	50	det	_	_
50	hands	hand	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	47	obl	_	_
51	of	of	ADP	IN	_	52	case	_	_
52	robbers	robber	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	50	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
53	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | past | gun |  |  | the hottest part | summer |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **begin** | past | Niels | the hottest part |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 3 | **not** **travel** | could | Niels |  |  | all |  | in the middle of the day | vn run-51.3.2-1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme at all=Trajectory |
| 4 | **is** | past | Niels |  |  |  |  | afraid *property* | tree rules |
| 5 | **do** | to-infinitive | Niels *not said here* | gun |  |  | night |  | vn act-114-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent it=Eventuality |
| 6 | **lose** | might | Niels | Niels's way |  |  |  |  | vn succeed-74-3-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent way=Eventuality |
| 7 | **fall** | infinitive | Niels *not said here* |  |  |  |  | into the hands of robbers *result* | vn become-109.1-1 «NP V PP.attribute»: agent=Patient into hand=Result |
| 8 | **journey** |  | Niels |  |  |  |  |  | nom journey «act transitive»: poss=agent |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «The Crimson Fairy Book» by Andrew Lang, Project Gutenberg book 2435 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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