--- title: Then the shepherd ventured to laugh at last; and he laughed so long… — The Crimson Fairy Book · tree and pragmatics description: Then the shepherd ventured to laugh at last; and he laughed so long and so loud that when the Lord Chamberlain came early in the morning, expecting to find only his bones, the tears were still running down his cheeks from laughter. Who acts: shepherd, Lord Chamberlain, tears. A sentence of «The Crim --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg2435/3/99/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [tales](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/) / [The Crimson Fairy Book](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg2435/) / [The Crimson Fairy Book, part 3](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg2435/3/) / 99 # The Crimson Fairy Book, The Crimson Fairy Book, part 3, sentence 99 Then the shepherd ventured to laugh at last; and he laughed so long and so loud that when the Lord Chamberlain came early in the morning, expecting to find only his bones, the tears were still running down his cheeks from laughter. **Who acts:** shepherd, Lord Chamberlain, tears · **What happens:** venture, laugh, come, expect, find, run down · **To what, where:** last, bones, cheeks, laughter This is a sentence of «The Crimson Fairy Book» by Andrew Lang, The Crimson Fairy Book, part 3. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (shepherd, Lord Chamberlain, tears), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree. **Parsed by Mova, not checked by a teacher.** This tree is Mova's own parse (the `en` model, on the CPU, when the site is built); it may be wrong. ## The tree {#tree} ```conllu # sent_id = book:pg2435:3:99 # text = Then the shepherd ventured to laugh at last; and he laughed so long and so loud that when the Lord Chamberlain came early in the morning, expecting to find only his bones, the tears were still running down his cheeks from laughter. 1 Then then ADV RB PronType=Dem 4 advmod _ _ 2 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 3 det _ _ 3 shepherd shepherd NOUN NN Number=Sing 4 nsubj _ _ 4 ventured venture VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 0 root _ _ 5 to to PART TO _ 6 mark _ _ 6 laugh laugh VERB VB VerbForm=Inf 4 xcomp _ _ 7 at at ADP IN _ 8 case _ _ 8 last last ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 6 obl _ SpaceAfter=No 9 ; ; PUNCT , _ 12 punct _ _ 10 and and CCONJ CC _ 12 cc _ _ 11 he he PRON PRP Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 12 nsubj _ _ 12 laughed laugh VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 4 conj _ _ 13 so so ADV RB _ 14 advmod _ _ 14 long long ADV RB Degree=Pos 12 advmod _ _ 15 and and CCONJ CC _ 17 cc _ _ 16 so so ADV RB _ 17 advmod _ _ 17 loud loud ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 12 conj _ _ 18 that that SCONJ IN _ 23 mark _ _ 19 when when SCONJ WRB _ 23 mark _ _ 20 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 22 det _ _ 21 Lord Lord PROPN NNP Number=Sing 22 compound _ _ 22 Chamberlain Chamberlain PROPN NNP Number=Sing 23 nsubj _ _ 23 came come VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 17 advcl _ _ 24 early early ADV RB Degree=Pos 23 advmod _ _ 25 in in ADP IN _ 27 case _ _ 26 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 27 det _ _ 27 morning morning NOUN NN Number=Sing 23 obl _ SpaceAfter=No 28 , , PUNCT , _ 29 punct _ _ 29 expecting expect VERB VBG Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part 23 advcl _ _ 30 to to PART TO _ 31 mark _ _ 31 find find VERB VB VerbForm=Inf 29 xcomp _ _ 32 only only ADV RB _ 34 advmod _ _ 33 his his PRON PRP$ Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs 34 nmod:poss _ _ 34 bones bone NOUN NNS Number=Plur 31 obj _ SpaceAfter=No 35 , , PUNCT , _ 40 punct _ _ 36 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 37 det _ _ 37 tears tear NOUN NNS Number=Plur 40 nsubj _ _ 38 were be AUX VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 40 aux _ _ 39 still still ADV RB _ 40 advmod _ _ 40 running run VERB VBG Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part 29 conj _ _ 41 down down ADP RP _ 40 compound:prt _ _ 42 his his PRON PRP$ Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs 43 nmod:poss _ _ 43 cheeks cheek NOUN NNS Number=Plur 40 obj _ _ 44 from from ADP IN _ 45 case _ _ 45 laughter laughter NOUN NN Number=Sing 40 obl _ SpaceAfter=No 46 . . PUNCT . _ 4 punct _ _ ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **venture** | past | the shepherd | | | | then | | vn say-37.7-1 «NP V how S\_INF»: agent=Agent clause=Topic | | 2 | **laugh** | to-infinitive | the shepherd *not said here* | | | last | | | vn nonverbal\_expression-40.2 «NP V»: agent=Agent | | 3 | **laugh** | past | shepherd | | | | | long *property* | vn nonverbal\_expression-40.2 «NP V»: agent=Agent | | 4 | **come** | past | the Lord Chamberlain | | | | morning | early *property* | vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | | 5 | **expect** | gerund | the Lord Chamberlain *not said here* | | | | | | vn wish-62 «NP V for NP S\_INF»: agent=Pivot clause=Theme | | 6 | **find** *not said to happen* | to-infinitive | the Lord Chamberlain *not said here* | shepherd's bones | | | | | vn discover-84 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent bone=Topic | | 7 | **run down** | past · progressive | the tears | shepherd's cheeks | | laughter | still | | vn run-51.3.2-2-1 «PP.location V NP»: agent=Initial\_Location cheek=Theme | One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree. **Text:** «The Crimson Fairy Book» by Andrew Lang, Project Gutenberg book 2435 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order. - ← previous: [sentence 98](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg2435/3/98/) - next →: [sentence 100](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg2435/3/100/) - ↑ back to [The Crimson Fairy Book, part 3](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg2435/3/)