---
title: By our skill in magic we have cast sleep on every living thing in th… — The Crimson Fairy Book · tree and pragmatics
description: By our skill in magic we have cast sleep on every living thing in the castle, except a little black dog, and, as long as he is awake, we are no better off than before; for, as soon as we begin to climb over the wall, the little dog will hear us, and its barking will waken all the others again. Who a
---

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# The Crimson Fairy Book, The Crimson Fairy Book, part 30, sentence 24

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
By our skill in magic we have cast sleep on every living thing in the castle, except a little black dog, and, as long as he is awake, we are no better off than before; for, as soon as we begin to climb over the wall, the little dog will hear us, and its barking will waken all the others again.

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**Who acts:** we, castle, little dog, barking · **What happens:** cast, be, not be, begin, climb, hear · **To what, where:** sleep, living thing, wall, us, others

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This is a sentence of «The Crimson Fairy Book» by Andrew Lang, The Crimson Fairy Book, part 30. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (we, castle, little dog, barking), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

<!-- .note-en -->
**Parsed by Mova, not checked by a teacher.** This tree is Mova's own parse (the `en` model, on the CPU, when the site is built); it may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg2435:30:24
# text = By our skill in magic we have cast sleep on every living thing in the castle, except a little black dog, and, as long as he is awake, we are no better off than before; for, as soon as we begin to climb over the wall, the little dog will hear us, and its barking will waken all the others again.
1	By	by	ADP	IN	_	3	case	_	_
2	our	our	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	3	nmod:poss	_	_
3	skill	skill	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	obl	_	_
4	in	in	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
5	magic	magic	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nmod	_	_
6	we	we	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs	8	nsubj	_	_
7	have	have	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=1|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	8	aux	_	_
8	cast	cast	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	0	root	_	_
9	sleep	sleep	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	obj	_	_
10	on	on	ADP	IN	_	13	case	_	_
11	every	every	DET	DT	PronType=Tot	13	det	_	_
12	living	living	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	13	compound	_	_
13	thing	thing	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	obl	_	_
14	in	in	ADP	IN	_	16	case	_	_
15	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	16	det	_	_
16	castle	castle	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	13	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
17	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	22	punct	_	_
18	except	except	ADP	IN	_	22	case	_	_
19	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	22	det	_	_
20	little	little	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	22	amod	_	_
21	black	black	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	22	amod	_	_
22	dog	dog	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	16	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
23	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	27	punct	_	_
24	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	27	cc	_	SpaceAfter=No
25	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	27	punct	_	_
26	as	as	ADV	RB	_	27	advmod	_	_
27	long	long	ADV	RB	Degree=Pos	8	advmod	_	_
28	as	as	SCONJ	IN	_	31	mark	_	_
29	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	31	nsubj	_	_
30	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	31	cop	_	_
31	awake	awake	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	27	advcl	_	SpaceAfter=No
32	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	36	punct	_	_
33	we	we	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs	36	nsubj	_	_
34	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=1|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	36	cop	_	_
35	no	no	ADV	RB	_	36	advmod	_	_
36	better	good	ADJ	JJR	Degree=Cmp	27	conj	_	_
37	off	off	ADP	RP	_	36	compound:prt	_	_
38	than	than	ADP	IN	_	39	case	_	_
39	before	before	ADV	RB	_	36	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
40	;	;	PUNCT	,	_	47	punct	_	_
41	for	for	ADP	IN	_	47	case	_	SpaceAfter=No
42	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	47	punct	_	_
43	as	as	ADV	RB	_	44	advmod	_	_
44	soon	soon	ADV	RB	Degree=Pos	47	advmod	_	_
45	as	as	SCONJ	IN	_	47	mark	_	_
46	we	we	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs	47	nsubj	_	_
47	begin	begin	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=1|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	8	conj	_	_
48	to	to	PART	TO	_	49	mark	_	_
49	climb	climb	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	47	xcomp	_	_
50	over	over	ADP	IN	_	52	case	_	_
51	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	52	det	_	_
52	wall	wall	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	49	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
53	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	58	punct	_	_
54	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	56	det	_	_
55	little	little	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	56	amod	_	_
56	dog	dog	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	58	nsubj	_	_
57	will	will	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	58	aux	_	_
58	hear	hear	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	49	conj	_	_
59	us	we	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs	58	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
60	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	65	punct	_	_
61	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	65	cc	_	_
62	its	its	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	63	nmod:poss	_	_
63	barking	barking	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	65	nsubj	_	_
64	will	will	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	65	aux	_	_
65	waken	waken	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	49	conj	_	_
66	all	all	DET	PDT	PronType=Tot	68	det:predet	_	_
67	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	68	det	_	_
68	others	other	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	65	obj	_	_
69	again	again	ADV	RB	_	65	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
70	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	8	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **cast** | present · perfect | we | sleep |  | every living thing in the castle and a little black dog |  | by our skill in magic; long *property* | vn throw-17.1 «NP V NP PP.destinations»: agent=Agent sleep=Theme by skill=Destination |
| 2 | **is** | present | castle |  |  |  |  | awake *property* | tree rules |
| 3 | **not** **is** | present | we |  |  |  |  | good *property* | tree rules |
| 4 | **begin** | present | we |  |  |  |  | soon *property* | vn begin-55.1-1-1 «NP V S\_INF»: agent=Agent clause=Eventuality |
| 5 | **climb** | to-infinitive | we *not said here* |  |  | the wall |  |  | vn run-51.3.2 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme over wall=Trajectory |
| 6 | **hear** | future | the little dog | us |  |  |  |  | vn see-30.1-1-1 «NP V S»: agent=Experiencer we=Stimulus |
| 7 | **waken** | future | dog's barking | all others |  |  | again |  | vn other\_cos-45.4 «NP V NP.patient»: agent=Agent other=Patient |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «The Crimson Fairy Book» by Andrew Lang, Project Gutenberg book 2435 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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