---
title: The man held up his foot so that they could see the sole of his shoe… — The Crimson Fairy Book · tree and pragmatics
description: The man held up his foot so that they could see the sole of his shoe; it was worn as thin as paper, and there was a hole in the middle of it. Who acts: man, men, hole. A sentence of «The Crimson Fairy Book» by Andrew Lang, The Crimson Fairy Book, part 30, with its dependency tree and the pragmatics 
---

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# The Crimson Fairy Book, The Crimson Fairy Book, part 30, sentence 82

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The man held up his foot so that they could see the sole of his shoe; it was worn as thin as paper, and there was a hole in the middle of it.

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**Who acts:** man, men, hole · **What happens:** hold up, see, wear, be · **To what, where:** foot, sole

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This is a sentence of «The Crimson Fairy Book» by Andrew Lang, The Crimson Fairy Book, part 30. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (man, men, hole), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

<!-- .note-en -->
**Parsed by Mova, not checked by a teacher.** This tree is Mova's own parse (the `en` model, on the CPU, when the site is built); it may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg2435:30:82
# text = The man held up his foot so that they could see the sole of his shoe; it was worn as thin as paper, and there was a hole in the middle of it.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	man	man	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	held	hold	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	up	up	ADP	RP	_	3	compound:prt	_	_
5	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	6	nmod:poss	_	_
6	foot	foot	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	_
7	so	so	SCONJ	IN	ExtPos=SCONJ	11	mark	_	_
8	that	that	SCONJ	IN	_	7	fixed	_	_
9	they	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	11	nsubj	_	_
10	could	could	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	11	aux	_	_
11	see	see	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	3	advcl	_	_
12	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	13	det	_	_
13	sole	sole	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	obj	_	_
14	of	of	ADP	IN	_	16	case	_	_
15	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	16	nmod:poss	_	_
16	shoe	shoe	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	13	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
17	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	20	punct	_	_
18	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	20	nsubj:pass	_	_
19	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	20	aux:pass	_	_
20	worn	wear	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	3	parataxis	_	_
21	as	as	ADP	IN	_	22	case	_	_
22	thin	thin	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	20	obl	_	_
23	as	as	ADP	IN	_	24	case	_	_
24	paper	paper	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	20	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
25	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	28	punct	_	_
26	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	28	cc	_	_
27	there	there	PRON	EX	PronType=Dem	28	expl	_	_
28	was	be	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	20	conj	_	_
29	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	30	det	_	_
30	hole	hole	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	28	nsubj	_	_
31	in	in	ADP	IN	_	33	case	_	_
32	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	33	det	_	_
33	middle	middle	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	30	nmod	_	_
34	of	of	ADP	IN	_	35	case	_	_
35	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	33	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
36	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **hold up** | past | the man | Niels's foot |  |  |  |  | vn support-15.3-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Pivot foot=Theme |
| 2 | **see** | could | men *= man* | the sole of Niels's shoe |  |  |  |  | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer sole=Stimulus |
| 3 | **wear** | past · passive |  | sole |  |  |  | as thin; as paper | vn wipe\_manner-10.4.1-1 «NP V NP.theme»: subject=Theme |
| 4 | **be** | past | a hole in the middle of sole |  |  | there |  |  | vn exist-47.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «The Crimson Fairy Book» by Andrew Lang, Project Gutenberg book 2435 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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