---
title: As he raised his head he saw a horseman who seemed trying to urge a… — The Crimson Fairy Book · tree and pragmatics
description: As he raised his head he saw a horseman who seemed trying to urge a tired or unwilling horse across the plain. Who acts: happiness, horseman. A sentence of «The Crimson Fairy Book» by Andrew Lang, The Crimson Fairy Book, part 34, with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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# The Crimson Fairy Book, The Crimson Fairy Book, part 34, sentence 85

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As he raised his head he saw a horseman who seemed trying to urge a tired or unwilling horse across the plain.

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** happiness, horseman · **What happens:** raise, see, seem, try, urge · **To what, where:** head, horseman, tired horse, plain

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This is a sentence of «The Crimson Fairy Book» by Andrew Lang, The Crimson Fairy Book, part 34. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (happiness, horseman), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Parsed by Mova, not checked by a teacher.** This tree is Mova's own parse (the `en` model, on the CPU, when the site is built); it may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg2435:34:85
# text = As he raised his head he saw a horseman who seemed trying to urge a tired or unwilling horse across the plain.
1	As	as	SCONJ	IN	_	3	mark	_	_
2	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	3	nsubj	_	_
3	raised	raise	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	7	advcl	_	_
4	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	5	nmod:poss	_	_
5	head	head	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	_
6	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	7	nsubj	_	_
7	saw	see	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
8	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
9	horseman	horseman	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	obj	_	_
10	who	who	PRON	WP	PronType=Rel	11	nsubj	_	_
11	seemed	seem	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	9	acl:relcl	_	_
12	trying	try	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	11	xcomp	_	_
13	to	to	PART	TO	_	14	mark	_	_
14	urge	urge	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	12	xcomp	_	_
15	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	19	det	_	_
16	tired	tired	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	19	amod	_	_
17	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	18	cc	_	_
18	unwilling	unwilling	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	16	conj	_	_
19	horse	horse	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	14	obj	_	_
20	across	across	ADP	IN	_	22	case	_	_
21	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	22	det	_	_
22	plain	plain	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	14	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
23	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	7	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **raise** | past | happiness | happiness's head |  |  |  |  | vn put\_direction-9.4 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent head=Theme |
| 2 | **see** | past | happiness | a horseman |  |  |  |  | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer horseman=Stimulus |
| 3 | **seem** | past | a horseman |  |  |  |  |  | vn seem-109-1-1-1 «NP V S\_INF»: agent=Theme clause=Attribute |
| 4 | **try** | gerund | a horseman *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn try-61.1 «NP V S\_INF»: agent=Agent clause=Eventuality |
| 5 | **urge** *not said to happen* | to-infinitive | a horseman *not said here* |  | a tired horse | the plain |  |  | vn urge-58.1-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent horse=Recipient |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «The Crimson Fairy Book» by Andrew Lang, Project Gutenberg book 2435 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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