---
title: “I am St. James of Lizia,” said the old man, “and I have come to hel… — The Crimson Fairy Book · tree and pragmatics
description: “I am St. James of Lizia,” said the old man, “and I have come to help you, for I have seen that you are a true friend. Who acts: James, you. A sentence of «The Crimson Fairy Book» by Andrew Lang, The Crimson Fairy Book, part 38, with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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# The Crimson Fairy Book, The Crimson Fairy Book, part 38, sentence 28

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
“I am St. James of Lizia,” said the old man, “and I have come to help you, for I have seen that you are a true friend.

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** James, you · **What happens:** be, say, come, help, see · **To what, where:** James, you, true friend · **Speech:** someone speaks here

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This is a sentence of «The Crimson Fairy Book» by Andrew Lang, The Crimson Fairy Book, part 38. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (James, you), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

<!-- .note-en -->
**Parsed by Mova, not checked by a teacher.** This tree is Mova's own parse (the `en` model, on the CPU, when the site is built); it may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg2435:38:28
# text = “I am St. James of Lizia,” said the old man, “and I have come to help you, for I have seen that you are a true friend.
1	“	"	PUNCT	``	_	10	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	I	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	5	nsubj	_	_
3	am	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	cop	_	_
4	St.	St.	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	5	nmod:desc	_	_
5	James	James	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	10	nsubj	_	_
6	of	of	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
7	Lizia	Lizia	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	5	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	5	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	”	"	PUNCT	''	_	5	punct	_	_
10	said	say	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
11	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	13	det	_	_
12	old	old	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	13	amod	_	_
13	man	man	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	19	punct	_	_
15	“	"	PUNCT	``	_	19	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	19	cc	_	_
17	I	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	19	nsubj	_	_
18	have	have	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	19	aux	_	_
19	come	come	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	10	conj	_	_
20	to	to	PART	TO	_	21	mark	_	_
21	help	help	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	19	advcl	_	_
22	you	you	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Person=2|PronType=Prs	21	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
23	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	27	punct	_	_
24	for	for	SCONJ	IN	_	27	mark	_	_
25	I	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	27	nsubj	_	_
26	have	have	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	27	aux	_	_
27	seen	see	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	19	conj	_	_
28	that	that	SCONJ	IN	_	33	mark	_	_
29	you	you	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Person=2|PronType=Prs	33	nsubj	_	_
30	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=2|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	33	cop	_	_
31	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	33	det	_	_
32	true	true	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	33	amod	_	_
33	friend	friend	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	27	advcl	_	SpaceAfter=No
34	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	10	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** *in a quote* | present | James | James |  |  |  | of Lizia; St. *nmod:desc* | tree rules |
| 2 | **say** *speech: assert* | past | James |  |  |  |  |  | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent |
| 3 | **come** *in a quote* | present · perfect | James |  |  |  |  |  | vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 4 | **help** *in a quote* | to-infinitive | James *not said here* |  | you |  |  |  | vn help-72.1-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent you=Beneficiary |
| 5 | **see** *in a quote* | present · perfect | James |  |  |  |  |  | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Experiencer |
| 6 | **is a** *in a quote* | present | you | a true friend |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «The Crimson Fairy Book» by Andrew Lang, Project Gutenberg book 2435 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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