---
title: The shepherd, however, was much too frightened to listen, and said t… — The Crimson Fairy Book · tree and pragmatics
description: The shepherd, however, was much too frightened to listen, and said that he could not go away and leave his flock alone; but the snake said: “You need not be afraid to leave your flock, no evil shall befall them; but make all the haste you can.” Who acts: shepherd, snake, You, evil. A sentence of «Th
---

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# The Crimson Fairy Book, The Crimson Fairy Book, part 6, sentence 16

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The shepherd, however, was much too frightened to listen, and said that he could not go away and leave his flock alone; but the snake said: “You need not be afraid to leave your flock, no evil shall befall them; but make all the haste you can.”

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**Who acts:** shepherd, snake, You, evil · **What happens:** be, listen, say, not go away, leave, not be · **To what, where:** flock, flames, haste · **Speech:** someone speaks here

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This is a sentence of «The Crimson Fairy Book» by Andrew Lang, The Crimson Fairy Book, part 6. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (shepherd, snake, You, evil), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Parsed by Mova, not checked by a teacher.** This tree is Mova's own parse (the `en` model, on the CPU, when the site is built); it may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg2435:6:16
# text = The shepherd, however, was much too frightened to listen, and said that he could not go away and leave his flock alone; but the snake said: “You need not be afraid to leave your flock, no evil shall befall them; but make all the haste you can.”
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	shepherd	shepherd	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	parataxis	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	2	punct	_	_
4	however	however	ADV	RB	_	9	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	4	punct	_	_
6	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	9	cop	_	_
7	much	much	ADV	RB	_	9	advmod	_	_
8	too	too	ADV	RB	_	9	advmod	_	_
9	frightened	frightened	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	_
10	to	to	PART	TO	_	11	mark	_	_
11	listen	listen	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	9	advcl	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	14	punct	_	_
13	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	14	cc	_	_
14	said	say	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	9	conj	_	_
15	that	that	SCONJ	IN	_	19	mark	_	_
16	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	19	nsubj	_	_
17	could	could	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	19	aux	_	_
18	not	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	19	advmod	_	_
19	go	go	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	14	ccomp	_	_
20	away	away	ADV	RB	_	19	advmod	_	_
21	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	22	cc	_	_
22	leave	leave	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	19	conj	_	_
23	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	24	nmod:poss	_	_
24	flock	flock	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	22	obj	_	_
25	alone	alone	ADV	RB	_	22	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
26	;	;	PUNCT	,	_	30	punct	_	_
27	but	but	CCONJ	CC	_	30	cc	_	_
28	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	29	det	_	_
29	snake	snake	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	30	nsubj	_	_
30	said	say	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	9	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
31	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	37	punct	_	_
32	“	"	PUNCT	``	_	37	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
33	You	you	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Person=2|PronType=Prs	37	nsubj	_	_
34	need	need	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=2|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	37	aux	_	_
35	not	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	37	advmod	_	_
36	be	be	AUX	VB	VerbForm=Inf	37	cop	_	_
37	afraid	afraid	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	30	conj	_	_
38	to	to	PART	TO	_	39	mark	_	_
39	leave	leave	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	37	xcomp	_	_
40	your	your	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Person=2|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	41	nmod:poss	_	_
41	flock	flock	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	39	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
42	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	46	punct	_	_
43	no	no	DET	DT	PronType=Neg	44	det	_	_
44	evil	evil	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	46	nsubj	_	_
45	shall	shall	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	46	aux	_	_
46	befall	befall	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	39	conj	_	_
47	them	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	46	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
48	;	;	PUNCT	,	_	50	punct	_	_
49	but	but	CCONJ	CC	_	50	cc	_	_
50	make	make	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	9	conj	_	_
51	all	all	DET	PDT	PronType=Tot	53	det:predet	_	_
52	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	53	det	_	_
53	haste	haste	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	50	obj	_	_
54	you	you	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Person=2|PronType=Prs	55	nsubj	_	_
55	can	can	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	53	acl:relcl	_	SpaceAfter=No
56	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	9	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
57	”	"	PUNCT	''	_	9	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | past |  |  |  |  |  | frightened, however *property* | tree rules |
| 2 | **listen** | to-infinitive |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn peer-30.3 «NP V PP.theme»: agent=Agent |
| 3 | **say** *speech: assert* | past |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic |
| 4 | **not** **go away** | could | shepherd |  |  |  |  | away *property* | vn disappearance-48.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 5 | **leave** | infinitive | shepherd *not said here* | shepherd's flock |  |  |  | alone *property* | vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent flock=Theme |
| 6 | **say** *speech: assert* | past | the snake |  |  |  |  |  | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent |
| 7 | **not** **is** *in a quote* | present | You |  |  |  |  | afraid *property* | tree rules |
| 8 | **leave** *in a quote* | to-infinitive | You *not said here* | your flock |  |  |  |  | vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent flock=Theme |
| 9 | **befall** *in a quote* | shall | no evil | flames *= flame* |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 10 | **make** *in a quote* | infinitive |  | all haste |  |  |  |  | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset haste=Product |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «The Crimson Fairy Book» by Andrew Lang, Project Gutenberg book 2435 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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