---
title: So the shepherd set out for home, and on his way through the wood he… — The Crimson Fairy Book · tree and pragmatics
description: So the shepherd set out for home, and on his way through the wood he heard and understood all that was said by the birds, and by every living creature. Who acts: shepherd, birds. A sentence of «The Crimson Fairy Book» by Andrew Lang, The Crimson Fairy Book, part 6, with its dependency tree and the p
---

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# The Crimson Fairy Book, The Crimson Fairy Book, part 6, sentence 33

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
So the shepherd set out for home, and on his way through the wood he heard and understood all that was said by the birds, and by every living creature.

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** shepherd, birds · **What happens:** set out, hear, understand, say · **To what, where:** way, that · **Speech:** someone speaks here

<!-- .vabout -->
This is a sentence of «The Crimson Fairy Book» by Andrew Lang, The Crimson Fairy Book, part 6. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (shepherd, birds), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

<!-- .note-en -->
**Parsed by Mova, not checked by a teacher.** This tree is Mova's own parse (the `en` model, on the CPU, when the site is built); it may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg2435:6:33
# text = So the shepherd set out for home, and on his way through the wood he heard and understood all that was said by the birds, and by every living creature.
1	So	so	ADV	RB	_	4	advmod	_	_
2	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
3	shepherd	shepherd	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
4	set	set	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	out	out	ADP	RP	_	4	compound:prt	_	_
6	for	for	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
7	home	home	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	17	punct	_	_
9	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	17	cc	_	_
10	on	on	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
11	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	12	nmod:poss	_	_
12	way	way	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	17	obl	_	_
13	through	through	ADP	IN	_	15	case	_	_
14	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	15	det	_	_
15	wood	wood	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	12	nmod	_	_
16	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	17	nsubj	_	_
17	heard	hear	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	4	conj	_	_
18	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	19	cc	_	_
19	understood	understand	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	17	conj	_	_
20	all	all	DET	PDT	PronType=Tot	23	det:predet	_	_
21	that	that	PRON	DT	Number=Sing|PronType=Dem	23	nsubj:pass	_	_
22	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	23	aux:pass	_	_
23	said	say	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	19	ccomp	_	_
24	by	by	ADP	IN	_	26	case	_	_
25	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	26	det	_	_
26	birds	bird	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	23	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
27	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	32	punct	_	_
28	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	32	cc	_	_
29	by	by	ADP	IN	_	32	case	_	_
30	every	every	DET	DT	PronType=Tot	32	det	_	_
31	living	living	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	32	compound	_	_
32	creature	creature	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	17	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
33	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **set out** | past | the shepherd |  |  |  |  | for home | vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 2 | **hear** | past | shepherd |  |  | shepherd's way through the wood |  | by every living creature | vn see-30.1-1-1 «NP V PP.stimulus»: agent=Experiencer |
| 3 | **understand** | past | shepherd *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1-1 «NP V S\_ING»: agent=Experiencer clause=Stimulus |
| 4 | **say** *speech: assert* | past · passive | the birds | that |  |  |  |  | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V NP.topic»: agent=Agent subject=Topic |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «The Crimson Fairy Book» by Andrew Lang, Project Gutenberg book 2435 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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