---
title: By this time twilight had fallen, so the prince washed himself in th… — The Crimson Fairy Book · tree and pragmatics
description: By this time twilight had fallen, so the prince washed himself in the lake, took the hawk on his shoulder and the pipes under his arm, and with his greyhounds before him and his flock behind him, marched gaily into the town, the princess following them all, still trembling with fright. Who acts: pri
---

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# The Crimson Fairy Book, The Crimson Fairy Book, part 9, sentence 48

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
By this time twilight had fallen, so the prince washed himself in the lake, took the hawk on his shoulder and the pipes under his arm, and with his greyhounds before him and his flock behind him, marched gaily into the town, the princess following them all, still trembling with fright.

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**Who acts:** prince, princess · **What happens:** fall, wash, take, march, follow, tremble · **To what, where:** prince, lake, hawk, shoulder, town, greyhounds

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This is a sentence of «The Crimson Fairy Book» by Andrew Lang, The Crimson Fairy Book, part 9. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (prince, princess), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

<!-- .note-en -->
**Parsed by Mova, not checked by a teacher.** This tree is Mova's own parse (the `en` model, on the CPU, when the site is built); it may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg2435:9:48
# text = By this time twilight had fallen, so the prince washed himself in the lake, took the hawk on his shoulder and the pipes under his arm, and with his greyhounds before him and his flock behind him, marched gaily into the town, the princess following them all, still trembling with fright.
1	By	by	ADP	IN	_	4	case	_	_
2	this	this	DET	DT	Number=Sing|PronType=Dem	4	det	_	_
3	time	time	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	compound	_	_
4	twilight	twilight	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obl	_	_
5	had	have	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	6	aux	_	_
6	fallen	fall	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	11	punct	_	_
8	so	so	ADV	RB	_	11	advmod	_	_
9	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
10	prince	prince	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	nsubj	_	_
11	washed	wash	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	6	conj	_	_
12	himself	himself	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs|Reflex=Yes	11	obj	_	_
13	in	in	ADP	IN	_	15	case	_	_
14	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	15	det	_	_
15	lake	lake	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	17	punct	_	_
17	took	take	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	11	conj	_	_
18	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	19	det	_	_
19	hawk	hawk	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	17	obj	_	_
20	on	on	ADP	IN	_	22	case	_	_
21	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	22	nmod:poss	_	_
22	shoulder	shoulder	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	17	obl	_	_
23	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	25	cc	_	_
24	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	25	det	_	_
25	pipes	pipe	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	22	conj	_	_
26	under	under	ADP	IN	_	28	case	_	_
27	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	28	nmod:poss	_	_
28	arm	arm	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	17	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
29	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	42	punct	_	_
30	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	42	cc	_	_
31	with	with	ADP	IN	_	33	case	_	_
32	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	33	nmod:poss	_	_
33	greyhounds	greyhound	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	42	obl	_	_
34	before	before	ADP	IN	_	35	case	_	_
35	him	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	33	nmod	_	_
36	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	38	cc	_	_
37	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	38	nmod:poss	_	_
38	flock	flock	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	35	conj	_	_
39	behind	behind	ADP	IN	_	40	case	_	_
40	him	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	38	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
41	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	33	punct	_	_
42	marched	march	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	17	conj	_	_
43	gaily	gaily	ADV	RB	_	42	advmod	_	_
44	into	into	ADP	IN	_	46	case	_	_
45	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	46	det	_	_
46	town	town	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	42	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
47	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	49	punct	_	_
48	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	49	det	_	_
49	princess	princess	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	46	appos	_	_
50	following	follow	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	49	acl	_	_
51	them	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	50	obj	_	_
52	all	all	DET	DT	PronType=Tot	42	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
53	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	55	punct	_	_
54	still	still	ADV	RB	_	55	advmod	_	_
55	trembling	tremble	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	42	advcl	_	_
56	with	with	ADP	IN	_	57	case	_	_
57	fright	fright	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	55	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
58	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **fall** | past · perfect |  |  |  |  |  | by this time twilight | vn occur-48.3 «NP V PP»: agent=Theme by twilight=Location |
| 2 | **wash** | past | the prince | prince |  | the lake |  |  | vn floss-41.2.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent himself=Patient |
| 3 | **take** | past | the prince *not said here* | the hawk |  | prince's shoulder and the pipes |  | under prince's arm | vn bring-11.3 «NP V NP PP.destination»: agent=Agent hawk=Theme on shoulder=Destination |
| 4 | **march** | past | the prince *not said here* |  |  |  |  | into the town *result*; with prince's greyhounds before prince; gaily *property* | vn run-51.3.2-2-1 «NP V PP.result»: agent=Theme into town=Result |
| 5 | **follow** | gerund | the princess *not said here* | greyhounds *= greyhound* |  |  |  |  | vn chase-51.6 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent they=Theme |
| 6 | **tremble** | gerund | the prince *not said here* |  |  |  | still | with fright | vn modes\_of\_being\_with\_motion-47.3 «NP V»: agent=Theme |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «The Crimson Fairy Book» by Andrew Lang, Project Gutenberg book 2435 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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