---
title: “My son,” whispered he, in a voice that echoed through the cavern, “… — The Crimson Fairy Book · tree and pragmatics
description: “My son,” whispered he, in a voice that echoed through the cavern, “what brings you to this dark and dismal place? Who acts: son, voice. A sentence of «The Crimson Fairy Book» by Andrew Lang, The Crimson Fairy Book, part 9, with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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# The Crimson Fairy Book, The Crimson Fairy Book, part 9, sentence 84

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“My son,” whispered he, in a voice that echoed through the cavern, “what brings you to this dark and dismal place?

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**Who acts:** son, voice · **What happens:** whisper, echo, bring · **To what, where:** hermit, voice, cavern, you, dark place · **Speech:** someone speaks here

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This is a sentence of «The Crimson Fairy Book» by Andrew Lang, The Crimson Fairy Book, part 9. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (son, voice), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Parsed by Mova, not checked by a teacher.** This tree is Mova's own parse (the `en` model, on the CPU, when the site is built); it may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg2435:9:84
# text = “My son,” whispered he, in a voice that echoed through the cavern, “what brings you to this dark and dismal place?
1	“	"	PUNCT	``	_	3	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	My	my	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Sing|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	3	nmod:poss	_	_
3	son	son	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	3	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	”	"	PUNCT	''	_	3	punct	_	_
6	whispered	whisper	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
7	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	6	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	11	punct	_	_
9	in	in	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
10	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	11	det	_	_
11	voice	voice	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obl	_	_
12	that	that	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	13	nsubj	_	_
13	echoed	echo	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	11	acl:relcl	_	_
14	through	through	ADP	IN	_	16	case	_	_
15	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	16	det	_	_
16	cavern	cavern	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	13	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
17	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	20	punct	_	_
18	“	"	PUNCT	``	_	20	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
19	what	what	PRON	WP	PronType=Int	20	nsubj	_	_
20	brings	bring	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	6	parataxis	_	_
21	you	you	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Person=2|PronType=Prs	20	obj	_	_
22	to	to	ADP	IN	_	27	case	_	_
23	this	this	DET	DT	Number=Sing|PronType=Dem	27	det	_	_
24	dark	dark	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	27	amod	_	_
25	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	26	cc	_	_
26	dismal	dismal	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	24	conj	_	_
27	place	place	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	20	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
28	?	?	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **whisper** *speech: ask* | past | My son | hermit |  | a voice |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **echo** | past | a voice |  |  | the cavern |  |  | vn sound\_existence-47.4 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme through cavern=Location |
| 3 | **bring** *in a quote* | present |  | you |  | this dark place |  |  | vn bring-11.3-1 «NP V NP PP.destination»: agent=Agent you=Theme to place=Destination |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «The Crimson Fairy Book» by Andrew Lang, Project Gutenberg book 2435 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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