---
title: Once in summer-time the bear and the wolf were walking in the forest… — Grimms' Fairy Tales · tree and pragmatics
description: Once in summer-time the bear and the wolf were walking in the forest, and the bear heard a bird singing so beautifully that he said: ‘Brother wolf, what bird is it that sings so well?’ Who acts: bear, bird. A sentence of «Grimms' Fairy Tales» by Jacob Grimm, The Willow-wren and the Bear, with its de
---

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# Grimms' Fairy Tales, The Willow-wren and the Bear, sentence 1

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Once in summer-time the bear and the wolf were walking in the forest, and the bear heard a bird singing so beautifully that he said: ‘Brother wolf, what bird is it that sings so well?’

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**Who acts:** bear, bird · **What happens:** walk, hear, sing, say, be · **To what, where:** forest, bird · **Speech:** someone speaks here

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This is a sentence of «Grimms' Fairy Tales» by Jacob Grimm, The Willow-wren and the Bear. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (bear, bird), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Parsed by Mova, not checked by a teacher.** This tree is Mova's own parse (the `en` model, on the CPU, when the site is built); it may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg2591:12:1
# text = Once in summer-time the bear and the wolf were walking in the forest, and the bear heard a bird singing so beautifully that he said: ‘Brother wolf, what bird is it that sings so well?’
1	Once	once	ADV	RB	NumForm=Word|NumType=Mult	12	advmod	_	_
2	in	in	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
3	summer	summer	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	compound	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	3	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	time	time	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	12	obl	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	bear	bear	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	12	nsubj	_	_
8	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	10	cc	_	_
9	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
10	wolf	wolf	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	conj	_	_
11	were	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	12	aux	_	_
12	walking	walk	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	0	root	_	_
13	in	in	ADP	IN	_	15	case	_	_
14	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	15	det	_	_
15	forest	forest	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	12	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	20	punct	_	_
17	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	20	cc	_	_
18	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	19	det	_	_
19	bear	bear	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	20	nsubj	_	_
20	heard	hear	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	12	parataxis	_	_
21	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	22	det	_	_
22	bird	bird	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	20	obj	_	_
23	singing	sing	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	22	acl	_	_
24	so	so	ADV	RB	_	25	advmod	_	_
25	beautifully	beautifully	ADV	RB	_	23	advmod	_	_
26	that	that	SCONJ	IN	_	28	mark	_	_
27	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	28	nsubj	_	_
28	said	say	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	23	advcl	_	SpaceAfter=No
29	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	32	punct	_	_
30	‘	'	PUNCT	``	_	32	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
31	Brother	brother	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	32	amod	_	_
32	wolf	wolf	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	20	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
33	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	39	punct	_	_
34	what	what	PRON	WP	PronType=Int	39	obj	_	_
35	bird	bird	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	39	nsubj	_	_
36	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	39	cop	_	_
37	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	39	nsubj	_	_
38	that	that	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	39	nsubj	_	_
39	sings	sing	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	32	conj	_	_
40	so	so	ADV	RB	_	41	advmod	_	_
41	well	well	ADV	RB	Degree=Pos	39	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
42	?	?	PUNCT	.	_	12	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
43	’	'	PUNCT	''	_	12	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **walk** | past · progressive | the bear and the wolf |  |  | the forest | time | once *property* | vn run-51.3.2-2-1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme in forest=Trajectory |
| 2 | **hear** | past | the bear | a bird |  |  |  |  | vn see-30.1-1-1 «NP V S»: agent=Experiencer bird=Stimulus |
| 3 | **sing** *speech: express* | gerund | a bird *not said here* |  |  |  |  | beautifully *property* | vn sound\_emission-43.2 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 4 | **say** *speech: assert* | past | bird |  |  |  |  |  | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent |
| 5 | **is** | present | bird |  |  |  |  | sing, well *property* | tree rules |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «Grimms' Fairy Tales» by Jacob Grimm, Project Gutenberg book 2591 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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