---
title: The gnat, who was the most crafty, flew into the forest where the en… — Grimms' Fairy Tales · tree and pragmatics
description: The gnat, who was the most crafty, flew into the forest where the enemy was assembled, and hid herself beneath a leaf of the tree where the password was to be announced. Who acts: gnat. A sentence of «Grimms' Fairy Tales» by Jacob Grimm, The Willow-wren and the Bear, with its dependency tree and the
---

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# Grimms' Fairy Tales, The Willow-wren and the Bear, sentence 21

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The gnat, who was the most crafty, flew into the forest where the enemy was assembled, and hid herself beneath a leaf of the tree where the password was to be announced.

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**Who acts:** gnat · **What happens:** be, fly, assemble, hide, announce · **To what, where:** forest, enemy, leaf, password

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This is a sentence of «Grimms' Fairy Tales» by Jacob Grimm, The Willow-wren and the Bear. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (gnat), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

<!-- .note-en -->
**Parsed by Mova, not checked by a teacher.** This tree is Mova's own parse (the `en` model, on the CPU, when the site is built); it may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg2591:12:21
# text = The gnat, who was the most crafty, flew into the forest where the enemy was assembled, and hid herself beneath a leaf of the tree where the password was to be announced.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	gnat	gnat	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	8	punct	_	_
4	who	who	PRON	WP	PronType=Rel	8	nsubj	_	_
5	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	8	cop	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
7	most	most	ADV	RBS	Degree=Sup	8	advmod	_	_
8	crafty	crafty	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	2	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	2	punct	_	_
10	flew	fly	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
11	into	into	ADP	IN	_	13	case	_	_
12	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	13	det	_	_
13	forest	forest	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	obl	_	_
14	where	where	ADV	WRB	PronType=Rel	18	advmod	_	_
15	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	16	det	_	_
16	enemy	enemy	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	18	nsubj	_	_
17	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	18	aux:pass	_	_
18	assembled	assemble	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	13	acl:relcl	_	SpaceAfter=No
19	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	21	punct	_	_
20	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	21	cc	_	_
21	hid	hide	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	10	conj	_	_
22	herself	herself	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs|Reflex=Yes	21	obj	_	_
23	beneath	beneath	ADP	IN	_	25	case	_	_
24	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	25	det	_	_
25	leaf	leaf	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	21	obl	_	_
26	of	of	ADP	IN	_	28	case	_	_
27	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	28	det	_	_
28	tree	tree	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	25	nmod	_	_
29	where	where	ADV	WRB	PronType=Rel	35	advmod	_	_
30	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	31	det	_	_
31	password	password	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	35	nsubj:pass	_	_
32	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	35	aux:pass	_	_
33	to	to	PART	TO	_	35	mark	_	_
34	be	be	AUX	VB	VerbForm=Inf	35	aux:pass	_	_
35	announced	announce	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	28	acl:relcl	_	SpaceAfter=No
36	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	10	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | past | the gnat |  |  |  |  | crafty *property* | tree rules |
| 2 | **fly** | past | the gnat |  |  |  |  | into the forest *result* | vn run-51.3.2-2-1 «NP V PP.result»: agent=Theme into forest=Result |
| 3 | **assemble** | past · passive |  | the enemy |  |  |  |  | vn herd-47.5.2 «NP V NP.theme»: subject=Theme |
| 4 | **hide** | past | the gnat *not said here* | enemy |  | a leaf of the tree |  |  | vn concealment-16-1 «NP V NP PP.location»: agent=Agent herself=Patient beneath leaf=Location |
| 5 | **announce** *speech: other* | past · passive | the gnat *not said here* | the password |  |  |  |  | vn reflexive\_appearance-48.1.2 «NP V NP»: subject=Theme |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «Grimms' Fairy Tales» by Jacob Grimm, Project Gutenberg book 2591 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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