---
title: But alas! how woefully he was undone! what crosses and sorrows happe… — Grimms' Fairy Tales · tree and pragmatics
description: But alas! how woefully he was undone! what crosses and sorrows happen to us all in this world! A sentence of «Grimms' Fairy Tales» by Jacob Grimm, Tom Thumb, with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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# Grimms' Fairy Tales, Tom Thumb, sentence 65

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But alas! how woefully he was undone! what crosses and sorrows happen to us all in this world!

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**What happens:** undo, happen · **To what, where:** alas, us, world

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This is a sentence of «Grimms' Fairy Tales» by Jacob Grimm, Tom Thumb. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Parsed by Mova, not checked by a teacher.** This tree is Mova's own parse (the `en` model, on the CPU, when the site is built); it may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg2591:25:65
# text = But alas! how woefully he was undone! what crosses and sorrows happen to us all in this world!
1	But	but	CCONJ	CC	_	2	cc	_	_
2	alas	ala	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	8	nsubj:pass	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	!	!	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
4	how	how	ADV	WRB	PronType=Int	5	advmod	_	_
5	woefully	woefully	ADV	RB	_	8	advmod	_	_
6	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	8	nsubj	_	_
7	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	8	aux:pass	_	_
8	undone	undo	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	!	!	PUNCT	.	_	8	punct	_	_
10	what	what	PRON	WP	PronType=Int	14	nsubj	_	_
11	crosses	cross	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	14	nsubj	_	_
12	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	13	cc	_	_
13	sorrows	sorrow	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	11	conj	_	_
14	happen	happen	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	8	parataxis	_	_
15	to	to	ADP	IN	_	16	case	_	_
16	us	we	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs	14	obl	_	_
17	all	all	DET	DT	PronType=Tot	16	nmod:unmarked	_	_
18	in	in	ADP	IN	_	20	case	_	_
19	this	this	DET	DT	Number=Sing|PronType=Dem	20	det	_	_
20	world	world	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	14	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
21	!	!	PUNCT	.	_	8	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **undo** | past · passive |  | alas |  |  |  | woefully *property* | vn destroy-44 «NP V NP»: subject=Patient |
| 2 | **happen** | present |  |  | us | this world |  |  | vn occur-48.3-1 «NP V PP»: agent=Theme in world=Location |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «Grimms' Fairy Tales» by Jacob Grimm, Project Gutenberg book 2591 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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