---
title: ‘It is rather dark,’ said he; ‘they forgot to build windows in this… — Grimms' Fairy Tales · tree and pragmatics
description: ‘It is rather dark,’ said he; ‘they forgot to build windows in this room to let the sun in; a candle would be no bad thing.’ Who acts: stomach, lack, cows, candle. A sentence of «Grimms' Fairy Tales» by Jacob Grimm, Tom Thumb, with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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# Grimms' Fairy Tales, Tom Thumb, sentence 71

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
‘It is rather dark,’ said he; ‘they forgot to build windows in this room to let the sun in; a candle would be no bad thing.’

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** stomach, lack, cows, candle · **What happens:** be, say, forget, not build, let in · **To what, where:** windows, room, sun, bad thing · **Speech:** someone speaks here

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This is a sentence of «Grimms' Fairy Tales» by Jacob Grimm, Tom Thumb. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (stomach, lack, cows, candle), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

<!-- .note-en -->
**Parsed by Mova, not checked by a teacher.** This tree is Mova's own parse (the `en` model, on the CPU, when the site is built); it may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg2591:25:71
# text = ‘It is rather dark,’ said he; ‘they forgot to build windows in this room to let the sun in; a candle would be no bad thing.’
1	‘	'	PUNCT	``	_	5	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	It	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	5	nsubj	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	cop	_	_
4	rather	rather	ADV	RB	_	5	advmod	_	_
5	dark	dark	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	5	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	’	'	PUNCT	''	_	5	punct	_	_
8	said	say	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	5	conj	_	_
9	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	8	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	13	punct	_	_
11	‘	'	PUNCT	``	_	13	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	they	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	13	nsubj	_	_
13	forgot	forget	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	5	conj	_	_
14	to	to	PART	TO	_	15	mark	_	_
15	build	build	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	13	xcomp	_	_
16	windows	window	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	15	obj	_	_
17	in	in	ADP	IN	_	19	case	_	_
18	this	this	DET	DT	Number=Sing|PronType=Dem	19	det	_	_
19	room	room	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	15	obl	_	_
20	to	to	PART	TO	_	21	mark	_	_
21	let	let	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	15	advcl	_	_
22	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	23	det	_	_
23	sun	sun	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	21	obj	_	_
24	in	in	ADP	RP	_	21	compound:prt	_	SpaceAfter=No
25	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	32	punct	_	_
26	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	27	det	_	_
27	candle	candle	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	32	nsubj	_	_
28	would	would	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	32	aux	_	_
29	be	be	AUX	VB	VerbForm=Inf	32	cop	_	_
30	no	no	DET	DT	PronType=Neg	32	det	_	_
31	bad	bad	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	32	amod	_	_
32	thing	thing	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
33	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
34	’	'	PUNCT	''	_	5	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | present | stomach |  |  |  |  | dark *property* | tree rules |
| 2 | **say** *speech: assert* | past | lack |  |  |  |  |  | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent |
| 3 | **forget** | past | cows *= cow* |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 4 | **not** **build** | to-infinitive | cows *= cow* *not said here* | windows |  | this room |  |  | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset window=Product |
| 5 | **let in** | to-infinitive | cows *= cow* *not said here* | the sun |  |  |  |  | vn give-13.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent sun=Theme |
| 6 | **is a** | would | a candle | no bad thing |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «Grimms' Fairy Tales» by Jacob Grimm, Project Gutenberg book 2591 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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