--- title: Next morning when the cows were being driven out, the little peasant… — Grimms' Fairy Tales · tree and pragmatics description: Next morning when the cows were being driven out, the little peasant called the cow-herd in and said: ‘Look, I have a little calf there, but it is still small and has to be carried.’ Who acts: little peasant, I, calf. A sentence of «Grimms' Fairy Tales» by Jacob Grimm, The Little Peasant, with its d --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg2591/28/4/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [tales](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/) / [Grimms' Fairy Tales](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg2591/) / [The Little Peasant](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg2591/28/) / 4 # Grimms' Fairy Tales, The Little Peasant, sentence 4 Next morning when the cows were being driven out, the little peasant called the cow-herd in and said: ‘Look, I have a little calf there, but it is still small and has to be carried.’ **Who acts:** little peasant, I, calf · **What happens:** drive out, call in, say, look, have, be · **To what, where:** cows, cow herd, little calf · **Speech:** someone speaks here This is a sentence of «Grimms' Fairy Tales» by Jacob Grimm, The Little Peasant. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (little peasant, I, calf), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree. **Parsed by Mova, not checked by a teacher.** This tree is Mova's own parse (the `en` model, on the CPU, when the site is built); it may be wrong. ## The tree {#tree} ```conllu # sent_id = book:pg2591:28:4 # text = Next morning when the cows were being driven out, the little peasant called the cow-herd in and said: ‘Look, I have a little calf there, but it is still small and has to be carried.’ 1 Next next ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 2 amod _ _ 2 morning morning NOUN NN Number=Sing 21 obl:unmarked _ _ 3 when when ADV WRB PronType=Int 8 advmod _ _ 4 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 5 det _ _ 5 cows cow NOUN NNS Number=Plur 8 nsubj:pass _ _ 6 were be AUX VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 8 aux:pass _ _ 7 being be AUX VBG Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part 8 aux:pass _ _ 8 driven drive VERB VBN Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass 2 acl:relcl _ _ 9 out out ADP RP _ 8 compound:prt _ SpaceAfter=No 10 , , PUNCT , _ 2 punct _ _ 11 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 13 det _ _ 12 little little ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 13 amod _ _ 13 peasant peasant NOUN NN Number=Sing 21 nsubj _ _ 14 called call VERB VBN Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass 13 acl _ _ 15 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 18 det _ _ 16 cow cow NOUN NN Number=Sing 18 compound _ SpaceAfter=No 17 - - PUNCT HYPH _ 16 punct _ SpaceAfter=No 18 herd herd NOUN NN Number=Sing 14 obj _ _ 19 in in ADP RP _ 14 compound:prt _ _ 20 and and CCONJ CC _ 21 cc _ _ 21 said say VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 0 root _ SpaceAfter=No 22 : : PUNCT : _ 24 punct _ _ 23 ‘ ' PUNCT `` _ 24 punct _ SpaceAfter=No 24 Look look VERB VB VerbForm=Inf 21 ccomp _ SpaceAfter=No 25 , , PUNCT , _ 27 punct _ _ 26 I I PRON PRP Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs 27 nsubj _ _ 27 have have VERB VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 24 conj _ _ 28 a a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 30 det _ _ 29 little little ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 30 amod _ _ 30 calf calf NOUN NN Number=Sing 27 obj _ _ 31 there there ADV RB PronType=Dem 27 advmod _ SpaceAfter=No 32 , , PUNCT , _ 37 punct _ _ 33 but but CCONJ CC _ 37 cc _ _ 34 it it PRON PRP Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 37 nsubj _ _ 35 is be AUX VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 37 cop _ _ 36 still still ADV RB _ 37 advmod _ _ 37 small small ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 24 parataxis _ _ 38 and and CCONJ CC _ 39 cc _ _ 39 has have VERB VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 37 conj _ _ 40 to to PART TO _ 42 mark _ _ 41 be be AUX VB VerbForm=Inf 42 aux:pass _ _ 42 carried carry VERB VBN Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass 39 xcomp _ SpaceAfter=No 43 . . PUNCT . _ 24 punct _ SpaceAfter=No 44 ’ ' PUNCT '' _ 24 punct _ _ ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **drive out** | past · passive | | the cows | | | | | vn nonvehicle-51.4.2-1 «NP V NP»: subject=Theme | | 2 | **call in** *speech: assert* | participle | the little peasant *not said here* | the cow herd | | | | | vn initiate\_communication-37.4.2-1 «NP V NP.recipient»: agent=Agent herd=Recipient | | 3 | **say** *speech: assert* | past | the little peasant | | | | morning | | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic | | 4 | **look** | infinitive | | | | | | | vn stimulus\_subject-30.4 «NP V PP.attribute»: agent=Stimulus | | 5 | **have** | present | I | a little calf | | there | | | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent calf=Patient | | 6 | **is** | present | calf | | | | still | small *property* | tree rules | | 7 | **have** | present | calf *not said here* | | | | | | tree rules | | 8 | **carry** | to-infinitive · passive | calf *not said here* | | | | | | vn carry-11.4 «NP V NP» | One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree. **Text:** «Grimms' Fairy Tales» by Jacob Grimm, Project Gutenberg book 2591 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order. - ← previous: [sentence 3](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg2591/28/3/) - next →: [sentence 5](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg2591/28/5/) - ↑ back to [The Little Peasant](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg2591/28/)