---
title: A farmer had a faithful and diligent servant, who had worked hard fo… — Grimms' Fairy Tales · tree and pragmatics
description: A farmer had a faithful and diligent servant, who had worked hard for him three years, without having been paid any wages. Who acts: farmer, faithful servant. A sentence of «Grimms' Fairy Tales» by Jacob Grimm, The Miser in the Bush, with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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# Grimms' Fairy Tales, The Miser in the Bush, sentence 1

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A farmer had a faithful and diligent servant, who had worked hard for him three years, without having been paid any wages.

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**Who acts:** farmer, faithful servant · **What happens:** have, work, pay · **To what, where:** faithful servant, wages

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This is a sentence of «Grimms' Fairy Tales» by Jacob Grimm, The Miser in the Bush. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (farmer, faithful servant), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Parsed by Mova, not checked by a teacher.** This tree is Mova's own parse (the `en` model, on the CPU, when the site is built); it may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg2591:33:1
# text = A farmer had a faithful and diligent servant, who had worked hard for him three years, without having been paid any wages.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	farmer	farmer	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	had	have	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
5	faithful	faithful	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	8	amod	_	_
6	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	7	cc	_	_
7	diligent	diligent	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	conj	_	_
8	servant	servant	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	12	punct	_	_
10	who	who	PRON	WP	PronType=Rel	12	nsubj	_	_
11	had	have	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	12	aux	_	_
12	worked	work	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	8	acl:relcl	_	_
13	hard	hard	ADV	RB	Degree=Pos	12	advmod	_	_
14	for	for	ADP	IN	_	15	case	_	_
15	him	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	12	obl	_	_
16	three	three	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	17	nummod	_	_
17	years	year	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	12	obl:unmarked	_	SpaceAfter=No
18	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	22	punct	_	_
19	without	without	SCONJ	IN	_	22	mark	_	_
20	having	have	AUX	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	22	aux	_	_
21	been	be	AUX	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	22	aux:pass	_	_
22	paid	pay	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	12	conj	_	_
23	any	any	DET	DT	PronType=Ind	24	det	_	_
24	wages	wage	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	22	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
25	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **have** | past | a farmer | a faithful servant |  |  |  |  | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent servant=Patient |
| 2 | **work** | past · perfect | a faithful servant |  |  |  | year | for farmer; hard *property* | vn employment-95.3 «NP V PP.beneficiary»: agent=Agent for he=Beneficiary |
| 3 | **pay** | gerund · perfect · passive | a faithful servant *not said here* | any wages |  |  |  |  | vn pay-68-1 «NP V NP»: wage=Asset |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «Grimms' Fairy Tales» by Jacob Grimm, Project Gutenberg book 2591 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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