---
title: As he jogged along over the fields, singing and dancing, a little dw… — Grimms' Fairy Tales · tree and pragmatics
description: As he jogged along over the fields, singing and dancing, a little dwarf met him, and asked him what made him so merry. Who acts: fellow, little dwarf. A sentence of «Grimms' Fairy Tales» by Jacob Grimm, The Miser in the Bush, with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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# Grimms' Fairy Tales, The Miser in the Bush, sentence 7

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As he jogged along over the fields, singing and dancing, a little dwarf met him, and asked him what made him so merry.

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**Who acts:** fellow, little dwarf · **What happens:** jog, sing, meet, ask, make · **To what, where:** fields, dancing, fellow · **Speech:** someone speaks here

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This is a sentence of «Grimms' Fairy Tales» by Jacob Grimm, The Miser in the Bush. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (fellow, little dwarf), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Parsed by Mova, not checked by a teacher.** This tree is Mova's own parse (the `en` model, on the CPU, when the site is built); it may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg2591:33:7
# text = As he jogged along over the fields, singing and dancing, a little dwarf met him, and asked him what made him so merry.
1	As	as	SCONJ	IN	_	3	mark	_	_
2	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	3	nsubj	_	_
3	jogged	jog	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	along	along	ADV	RB	_	3	advmod	_	_
5	over	over	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	fields	field	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	9	punct	_	_
9	singing	sing	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	3	advcl	_	_
10	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	11	cc	_	_
11	dancing	dancing	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	16	punct	_	_
13	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	15	det	_	_
14	little	little	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	15	amod	_	_
15	dwarf	dwarf	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	16	nsubj	_	_
16	met	meet	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	11	acl:relcl	_	_
17	him	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	16	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
18	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	20	punct	_	_
19	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	20	cc	_	_
20	asked	ask	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	3	parataxis	_	_
21	him	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	20	iobj	_	_
22	what	what	PRON	WP	PronType=Int	23	nsubj	_	_
23	made	make	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	20	ccomp	_	_
24	him	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	23	obj	_	_
25	so	so	ADV	RB	_	26	advmod	_	_
26	merry	merry	ADV	RB	_	23	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
27	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **jog** | past | fellow |  |  | the fields |  | along *property* | vn run-51.3.2-2-1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme over field=Trajectory |
| 2 | **sing** *speech: express* | gerund | fellow *not said here* | dancing |  |  |  |  | vn sound\_emission-43.2 «PP.location V NP»: agent=Location dancing=Theme |
| 3 | **meet** | past | a little dwarf | fellow |  |  |  |  | vn meet-36.3-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent he=Co-Agent |
| 4 | **ask** *speech: ask* | past |  |  | fellow |  |  |  | vn inquire-37.1.2 «NP V NP whether S»: agent=Agent he=Recipient clause=Topic |
| 5 | **make** | past |  | fellow |  |  |  | merry *property* | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.material V NP»: agent=Material he=Product |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «Grimms' Fairy Tales» by Jacob Grimm, Project Gutenberg book 2591 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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