---
title: Then he cut his leather out, all ready to make up the next day, mean… — Grimms' Fairy Tales · tree and pragmatics
description: Then he cut his leather out, all ready to make up the next day, meaning to rise early in the morning to his work. Who acts: shoemaker. A sentence of «Grimms' Fairy Tales» by Jacob Grimm, The Elves and the Shoemaker, with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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# Grimms' Fairy Tales, The Elves and the Shoemaker, sentence 2

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Then he cut his leather out, all ready to make up the next day, meaning to rise early in the morning to his work.

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**Who acts:** shoemaker · **What happens:** cut out, make up, mean, rise, work · **To what, where:** leather, work

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This is a sentence of «Grimms' Fairy Tales» by Jacob Grimm, The Elves and the Shoemaker. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (shoemaker), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Parsed by Mova, not checked by a teacher.** This tree is Mova's own parse (the `en` model, on the CPU, when the site is built); it may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg2591:37:2
# text = Then he cut his leather out, all ready to make up the next day, meaning to rise early in the morning to his work.
1	Then	then	ADV	RB	PronType=Dem	3	advmod	_	_
2	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	3	nsubj	_	_
3	cut	cut	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	5	nmod:poss	_	_
5	leather	leather	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	_
6	out	out	ADP	RP	_	3	compound:prt	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	9	punct	_	_
8	all	all	DET	DT	PronType=Tot	9	advmod	_	_
9	ready	ready	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	conj	_	_
10	to	to	PART	TO	_	11	mark	_	_
11	make	make	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	9	xcomp	_	_
12	up	up	ADP	RP	_	11	compound:prt	_	_
13	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	15	det	_	_
14	next	next	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	15	amod	_	_
15	day	day	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	obl:unmarked	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	17	punct	_	_
17	meaning	mean	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	3	advcl	_	_
18	to	to	PART	TO	_	19	mark	_	_
19	rise	rise	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	17	xcomp	_	_
20	early	early	ADV	RB	Degree=Pos	19	advmod	_	_
21	in	in	ADP	IN	_	23	case	_	_
22	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	23	det	_	_
23	morning	morning	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	19	obl	_	_
24	to	to	ADP	IN	_	26	case	_	_
25	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	26	nmod:poss	_	_
26	work	work	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	19	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
27	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **cut out** | past | shoemaker | shoemaker's leather |  |  | then |  | vn stop-55.4-1 «NP V NP.eventuality»: agent=Affector leather=Eventuality |
| 2 | **make up** | to-infinitive | shoemaker *not said here* |  |  |  | day |  | vn comprise-107.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Theme |
| 3 | **mean** | gerund | shoemaker *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S\_INF»: agent=Agent clause=Topic |
| 4 | **rise** *not said to happen* | to-infinitive | shoemaker *not said here* |  |  | shoemaker's work | morning | early *property* | vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V PP.initial\_location»: agent=Theme to work=Initial\_Location |
| 5 | **work** |  | shoemaker |  |  |  |  |  | nom work «act intransitive»: poss=agent |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «Grimms' Fairy Tales» by Jacob Grimm, Project Gutenberg book 2591 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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