---
title: ‘Look, mother,’ said the man, ‘at the beautiful bird that is singing… — Grimms' Fairy Tales · tree and pragmatics
description: ‘Look, mother,’ said the man, ‘at the beautiful bird that is singing so magnificently; and how warm and bright the sun is, and what a delicious scent of spice in the air!’ Who acts: man, beautiful bird. A sentence of «Grimms' Fairy Tales» by Jacob Grimm, The Juniper-tree, with its dependency tree an
---

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# Grimms' Fairy Tales, The Juniper-tree, sentence 121

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‘Look, mother,’ said the man, ‘at the beautiful bird that is singing so magnificently; and how warm and bright the sun is, and what a delicious scent of spice in the air!’

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**Who acts:** man, beautiful bird · **What happens:** look, say, sing, be, scent · **To what, where:** mother, spice, air · **Speech:** someone speaks here

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This is a sentence of «Grimms' Fairy Tales» by Jacob Grimm, The Juniper-tree. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (man, beautiful bird), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Parsed by Mova, not checked by a teacher.** This tree is Mova's own parse (the `en` model, on the CPU, when the site is built); it may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg2591:38:121
# text = ‘Look, mother,’ said the man, ‘at the beautiful bird that is singing so magnificently; and how warm and bright the sun is, and what a delicious scent of spice in the air!’
1	‘	'	PUNCT	``	_	2	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	Look	look	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	7	ccomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	4	punct	_	_
4	mother	mother	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	2	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	’	'	PUNCT	''	_	2	punct	_	_
7	said	say	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
8	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
9	man	man	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	15	punct	_	_
11	‘	‘	CCONJ	CC	_	15	cc	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	at	at	ADP	IN	_	15	case	_	_
13	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	15	det	_	_
14	beautiful	beautiful	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	15	amod	_	_
15	bird	bird	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	ccomp	_	_
16	that	that	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	18	nsubj	_	_
17	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	18	aux	_	_
18	singing	sing	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	15	acl:relcl	_	_
19	so	so	ADV	RB	_	20	advmod	_	_
20	magnificently	magnificently	ADV	RB	_	18	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
21	;	;	PUNCT	,	_	24	punct	_	_
22	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	24	cc	_	_
23	how	how	ADV	WRB	PronType=Int	24	advmod	_	_
24	warm	warm	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	parataxis	_	_
25	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	26	cc	_	_
26	bright	bright	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	24	conj	_	_
27	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	28	det	_	_
28	sun	sun	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	24	conj	_	_
29	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	24	cop	_	SpaceAfter=No
30	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	32	punct	_	_
31	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	32	cc	_	_
32	what	what	PRON	WP	PronType=Int	7	ccomp	_	_
33	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	35	det	_	_
34	delicious	delicious	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	35	amod	_	_
35	scent	scent	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	32	nsubj	_	_
36	of	of	ADP	IN	_	37	case	_	_
37	spice	spice	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	35	nmod	_	_
38	in	in	ADP	IN	_	40	case	_	_
39	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	40	det	_	_
40	air	air	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	35	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
41	!	!	PUNCT	.	_	32	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
42	’	'	PUNCT	''	_	32	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **look** | infinitive |  | mother |  |  |  |  | vn stimulus\_subject-30.4 «NP V PP.attribute»: agent=Stimulus |
| 2 | **say** *speech: assert* | past | the man |  |  |  |  |  | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic |
| 3 | **sing** *speech: express* | present · progressive | the beautiful bird |  |  |  |  | magnificently *property* | vn sound\_emission-43.2 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 4 | **is** | present |  |  |  |  |  | warm *property* | tree rules |
| 5 | **be** |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 6 | **scent** |  |  | spice |  | the air |  |  | nom scent «cognition transitive»: of=patient in=place |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «Grimms' Fairy Tales» by Jacob Grimm, Project Gutenberg book 2591 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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