--- title: At two o’clock the raven came driving along, drawn by her four white… — Grimms' Fairy Tales · tree and pragmatics description: At two o’clock the raven came driving along, drawn by her four white horses; but even before she reached the spot, she said to herself, sighing, ‘I know he has fallen asleep.’ Who acts: raven, woman, I, man. A sentence of «Grimms' Fairy Tales» by Jacob Grimm, The Raven, with its dependency tree and --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg2591/47/21/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [tales](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/) / [Grimms' Fairy Tales](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg2591/) / [The Raven](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg2591/47/) / 21 # Grimms' Fairy Tales, The Raven, sentence 21 At two o’clock the raven came driving along, drawn by her four white horses; but even before she reached the spot, she said to herself, sighing, ‘I know he has fallen asleep.’ **Who acts:** raven, woman, I, man · **What happens:** come, drive, draw, reach, say, sigh · **To what, where:** two o’clock, spot, woman · **Speech:** someone speaks here This is a sentence of «Grimms' Fairy Tales» by Jacob Grimm, The Raven. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (raven, woman, I, man), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree. **Parsed by Mova, not checked by a teacher.** This tree is Mova's own parse (the `en` model, on the CPU, when the site is built); it may be wrong. ## The tree {#tree} ```conllu # sent_id = book:pg2591:47:21 # text = At two o’clock the raven came driving along, drawn by her four white horses; but even before she reached the spot, she said to herself, sighing, ‘I know he has fallen asleep.’ 1 At at ADP IN _ 3 case _ _ 2 two two NUM CD NumForm=Word|NumType=Card 3 nummod _ _ 3 o’clock o'clock NOUN NN Number=Sing 6 obl _ _ 4 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 5 det _ _ 5 raven raven NOUN NN Number=Sing 6 nsubj _ _ 6 came come VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 0 root _ _ 7 driving drive VERB VBG VerbForm=Ger 6 xcomp _ _ 8 along along ADV RB _ 7 advmod _ SpaceAfter=No 9 , , PUNCT , _ 10 punct _ _ 10 drawn draw VERB VBN Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass 7 advcl _ _ 11 by by ADP IN _ 15 case _ _ 12 her her PRON PRP$ Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs 15 nmod:poss _ _ 13 four four NUM CD NumForm=Word|NumType=Card 15 nummod _ _ 14 white white ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 15 amod _ _ 15 horses horse NOUN NNS Number=Plur 10 obl _ SpaceAfter=No 16 ; ; PUNCT , _ 21 punct _ _ 17 but but CCONJ CC _ 21 cc _ _ 18 even even ADV RB _ 21 advmod _ _ 19 before before SCONJ IN _ 21 mark _ _ 20 she she PRON PRP Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 21 nsubj _ _ 21 reached reach VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 6 conj _ _ 22 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 23 det _ _ 23 spot spot NOUN NN Number=Sing 21 obj _ SpaceAfter=No 24 , , PUNCT , _ 26 punct _ _ 25 she she PRON PRP Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 26 nsubj _ _ 26 said say VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 6 conj _ _ 27 to to ADP IN _ 28 case _ _ 28 herself herself PRON PRP Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs|Reflex=Yes 26 obl _ SpaceAfter=No 29 , , PUNCT , _ 30 punct _ _ 30 sighing sigh VERB VBG VerbForm=Ger 26 advcl _ SpaceAfter=No 31 , , PUNCT , _ 34 punct _ _ 32 ‘ ' PUNCT `` _ 34 punct _ SpaceAfter=No 33 I I PRON PRP Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs 34 nsubj _ _ 34 know know VERB VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=2|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 30 conj _ _ 35 he he PRON PRP Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 37 nsubj _ _ 36 has have AUX VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 37 aux _ _ 37 fallen fall VERB VBN Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part 34 ccomp _ _ 38 asleep asleep ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 37 xcomp _ SpaceAfter=No 39 . . PUNCT . _ 6 punct _ SpaceAfter=No 40 ’ ' PUNCT '' _ 6 punct _ _ ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **come** | past | the raven | | | two o’clock | | | tree rules | | 2 | **drive** | gerund | the raven *not said here* | | | | | along *property* | vn nonvehicle-51.4.2-1 «NP.agent V»: agent=Agent | | 3 | **draw** | participle | the raven *not said here* | | | | | by woman's four white horses | vn scribble-25.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent | | 4 | **reach** | past | woman | the spot | | | | | vn body\_motion-49.2-1-1 «NP V NP ADV»: agent=Agent spot=Theme | | 5 | **say** *speech: assert* | past | woman | | woman | | | | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V PP.recipient S-Quote»: agent=Agent to herself=Recipient | | 6 | **sigh** | gerund | woman *not said here* | | | | | | vn manner\_speaking-37.3 «NP V»: agent=Agent | | 7 | **know** | present | I | | | | | | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1-1 «NP V S\_ING»: agent=Experiencer clause=Stimulus | | 8 | **fall** | present · perfect | man | | | | | asleep *property* | vn occur-48.3 «NP V»: agent=Theme | One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree. **Text:** «Grimms' Fairy Tales» by Jacob Grimm, Project Gutenberg book 2591 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order. - ← previous: [sentence 20](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg2591/47/20/) - next →: [sentence 22](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg2591/47/22/) - ↑ back to [The Raven](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg2591/47/)