---
title: At two o’clock the raven could be seen approaching, and this time he… — Grimms' Fairy Tales · tree and pragmatics
description: At two o’clock the raven could be seen approaching, and this time her coachman and everything about her, as well as her horses, were black. Who acts: raven, coachman. A sentence of «Grimms' Fairy Tales» by Jacob Grimm, The Raven, with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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# Grimms' Fairy Tales, The Raven, sentence 35

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At two o’clock the raven could be seen approaching, and this time her coachman and everything about her, as well as her horses, were black.

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**Who acts:** raven, coachman · **What happens:** see, approach, be · **To what, where:** raven, two o’clock

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This is a sentence of «Grimms' Fairy Tales» by Jacob Grimm, The Raven. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (raven, coachman), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Parsed by Mova, not checked by a teacher.** This tree is Mova's own parse (the `en` model, on the CPU, when the site is built); it may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg2591:47:35
# text = At two o’clock the raven could be seen approaching, and this time her coachman and everything about her, as well as her horses, were black.
1	At	at	ADP	IN	_	3	case	_	_
2	two	two	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	3	nummod	_	_
3	o’clock	o'clock	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	obl	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	raven	raven	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	nsubj:pass	_	_
6	could	could	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	8	aux	_	_
7	be	be	AUX	VB	VerbForm=Inf	8	aux:pass	_	_
8	seen	see	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
9	approaching	approach	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	8	xcomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	28	punct	_	_
11	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	28	cc	_	_
12	this	this	DET	DT	Number=Sing|PronType=Dem	13	det	_	_
13	time	time	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	28	obl:unmarked	_	_
14	her	her	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	15	nmod:poss	_	_
15	coachman	coachman	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	28	nsubj	_	_
16	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	17	cc	_	_
17	everything	everything	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Tot	15	conj	_	_
18	about	about	ADP	IN	_	19	case	_	_
19	her	she	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	17	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
20	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	25	punct	_	_
21	as	as	ADV	RB	ExtPos=CCONJ	25	cc	_	_
22	well	well	ADV	RB	Degree=Pos	21	fixed	_	_
23	as	as	ADP	IN	_	21	fixed	_	_
24	her	her	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	25	nmod:poss	_	_
25	horses	horse	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	15	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
26	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	15	punct	_	_
27	were	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	28	cop	_	_
28	black	black	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	8	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
29	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	8	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **see** | could · passive |  | the raven |  | two o’clock |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **approach** | gerund | the raven *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 3 | **is** | past | woman's coachman as woman's horses |  |  |  | time | black *property* | tree rules |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «Grimms' Fairy Tales» by Jacob Grimm, Project Gutenberg book 2591 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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