---
title: But the dwarf was enraged at his behaviour, and laid a fairy spell o… — Grimms' Fairy Tales · tree and pragmatics
description: But the dwarf was enraged at his behaviour, and laid a fairy spell of ill-luck upon him; so that as he rode on the mountain pass became narrower and narrower, and at last the way was so straitened that he could not go to step forward: and when he thought to have turned his horse round and go back th
---

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# Grimms' Fairy Tales, The Water of Life, sentence 13

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
But the dwarf was enraged at his behaviour, and laid a fairy spell of ill-luck upon him; so that as he rode on the mountain pass became narrower and narrower, and at last the way was so straitened that he could not go to step forward: and when he thought to have turned his horse round and go back the way he came, he heard a loud laugh ringing round him, and found that the path was closed behind him, so that he was shut in all round.

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** dwarf, loud laugh · **What happens:** enrage, lay, ride, become, straiten, not go · **To what, where:** dwarf, behaviour, fairy spell, mountain pass, last, horse · **Speech:** someone speaks here

<!-- .vabout -->
This is a sentence of «Grimms' Fairy Tales» by Jacob Grimm, The Water of Life. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (dwarf, loud laugh), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

<!-- .note-en -->
**Parsed by Mova, not checked by a teacher.** This tree is Mova's own parse (the `en` model, on the CPU, when the site is built); it may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg2591:49:13
# text = But the dwarf was enraged at his behaviour, and laid a fairy spell of ill-luck upon him; so that as he rode on the mountain pass became narrower and narrower, and at last the way was so straitened that he could not go to step forward: and when he thought to have turned his horse round and go back the way he came, he heard a loud laugh ringing round him, and found that the path was closed behind him, so that he was shut in all round.
1	But	but	CCONJ	CC	_	5	cc	_	_
2	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
3	dwarf	dwarf	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj:pass	_	_
4	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	5	aux:pass	_	_
5	enraged	enrage	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
6	at	at	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	8	nmod:poss	_	_
8	behaviour	behaviour	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	11	punct	_	_
10	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	11	cc	_	_
11	laid	lay	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	5	conj	_	_
12	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	14	det	_	_
13	fairy	fairy	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	14	amod	_	_
14	spell	spell	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	obj	_	_
15	of	of	ADP	IN	_	18	case	_	_
16	ill	ill	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	18	amod	_	SpaceAfter=No
17	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	16	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
18	luck	luck	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	14	nmod	_	_
19	upon	upon	ADP	IN	_	20	case	_	_
20	him	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	18	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
21	;	;	PUNCT	,	_	31	punct	_	_
22	so	so	ADV	RB	_	31	advmod	_	_
23	that	that	SCONJ	IN	_	31	mark	_	_
24	as	as	SCONJ	IN	_	26	mark	_	_
25	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	26	nsubj	_	_
26	rode	ride	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	31	advcl	_	_
27	on	on	ADP	IN	_	30	case	_	_
28	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	30	det	_	_
29	mountain	mountain	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	30	compound	_	_
30	pass	pass	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	26	obl	_	_
31	became	become	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	5	parataxis	_	_
32	narrower	narrow	ADJ	JJR	Degree=Cmp	31	xcomp	_	_
33	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	34	cc	_	_
34	narrower	narrow	ADJ	JJR	Degree=Cmp	32	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
35	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	43	punct	_	_
36	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	43	cc	_	_
37	at	at	ADP	IN	_	38	case	_	_
38	last	last	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	43	nsubj:outer	_	_
39	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	40	det	_	_
40	way	way	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	38	obl:unmarked	_	_
41	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	43	aux:pass	_	_
42	so	so	ADV	RB	_	43	advmod	_	_
43	straitened	straiten	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	31	conj	_	_
44	that	that	SCONJ	IN	_	48	mark	_	_
45	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	48	nsubj	_	_
46	could	could	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	48	aux	_	_
47	not	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	48	advmod	_	_
48	go	go	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	43	advcl	_	_
49	to	to	PART	TO	_	50	mark	_	_
50	step	step	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	48	xcomp	_	_
51	forward	forward	ADV	RB	_	50	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
52	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	72	punct	_	_
53	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	72	cc	_	_
54	when	when	ADV	WRB	PronType=Int	56	advmod	_	_
55	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	56	nsubj	_	_
56	thought	think	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	72	advcl	_	_
57	to	to	PART	TO	_	59	mark	_	_
58	have	have	AUX	VB	VerbForm=Inf	59	aux	_	_
59	turned	turn	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	56	ccomp	_	_
60	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	61	nmod:poss	_	_
61	horse	horse	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	59	obj	_	_
62	round	round	ADV	RB	_	59	advmod	_	_
63	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	64	cc	_	_
64	go	go	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	59	conj	_	_
65	back	back	ADV	RB	_	64	advmod	_	_
66	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	67	det	_	_
67	way	way	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	64	obl:unmarked	_	_
68	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	69	nsubj	_	_
69	came	come	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	67	acl:relcl	_	SpaceAfter=No
70	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	56	punct	_	_
71	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	72	nsubj	_	_
72	heard	hear	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	5	parataxis	_	_
73	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	75	det	_	_
74	loud	loud	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	75	amod	_	_
75	laugh	laugh	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	72	obj	_	_
76	ringing	ring	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	75	acl	_	_
77	round	round	ADP	IN	_	78	case	_	_
78	him	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	76	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
79	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	81	punct	_	_
80	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	81	cc	_	_
81	found	find	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	72	conj	_	_
82	that	that	SCONJ	IN	_	86	mark	_	_
83	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	84	det	_	_
84	path	path	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	86	nsubj:pass	_	_
85	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	86	aux:pass	_	_
86	closed	close	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	81	ccomp	_	_
87	behind	behind	ADP	IN	_	88	case	_	_
88	him	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	86	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
89	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	94	punct	_	_
90	so	so	SCONJ	IN	ExtPos=SCONJ	94	mark	_	_
91	that	that	SCONJ	IN	_	90	fixed	_	_
92	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	94	nsubj	_	_
93	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	94	aux:pass	_	_
94	shut	shut	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	86	conj	_	_
95	in	in	ADP	IN	_	97	case	_	_
96	all	all	ADV	RB	_	97	advmod	_	_
97	round	round	ADV	RB	_	94	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
98	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **enrage** | past · passive |  | the dwarf |  | dwarf's behaviour |  |  | vn amuse-31.1 «NP V NP»: subject=Experiencer |
| 2 | **lay** | past |  | a fairy spell of ill luck upon dwarf |  |  |  |  | vn create-26.4 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent spell=Result |
| 3 | **ride** | past | dwarf |  |  | the mountain pass |  |  | vn nonvehicle-51.4.2 «NP.agent V»: agent=Agent |
| 4 | **become** | past |  |  |  |  |  | narrow *property* | vn become-109.1-1-1 «NP V PP.attribute»: agent=Patient |
| 5 | **straiten** | past · passive |  | last |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 6 | **not** **go** | could | dwarf |  |  |  |  |  | vn say-37.7 «NP V S-Quote»: agent=Agent clause=Topic |
| 7 | **step forward** | to-infinitive | dwarf *not said here* |  |  |  |  | forward *property* | vn run-51.3.2 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 8 | **think** *speech: other* | past | dwarf |  |  |  |  |  | vn consider-29.9-2 «NP V how S\_INF»: agent=Agent clause=Theme |
| 9 | **turn** | to-infinitive · perfect |  | dwarf's horse |  |  |  | round *property* | vn roll-51.3.1 «NP V ADJ.result»: agent=Theme horse=Result |
| 10 | **go back** | infinitive |  | the way |  |  |  |  | vn convert-26.6.2 «NP V S\_ING»: agent=Patient |
| 11 | **come** | past | dwarf | the way *not said here* |  |  |  |  | vn appear-48.1.1 «PP.location V NP»: agent=Location way=Theme |
| 12 | **hear** | past | dwarf | a loud laugh |  |  |  |  | vn see-30.1-1-1 «NP V S»: agent=Experiencer laugh=Stimulus |
| 13 | **ring** | gerund | a loud laugh *not said here* |  |  |  |  | round dwarf | vn sound\_emission-43.2 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 14 | **find** | past | dwarf *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn declare-29.4-1-1 «NP V what S\_INF»: agent=Agent clause=Theme |
| 15 | **close** | past · passive |  | the path |  |  |  | behind dwarf | vn crane-40.3.2 «NP V NP»: subject=Patient |
| 16 | **shut** | past · passive |  | dwarf |  |  |  |  | vn other\_cos-45.4 «NP V NP.patient»: subject=Patient |
| 17 | **spell** |  |  | ill luck upon dwarf |  |  |  |  | nom spell «state transitive»: of=patient |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «Grimms' Fairy Tales» by Jacob Grimm, Project Gutenberg book 2591 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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