---
title: ‘I have shut them up by a charm between two mountains,’ said the dwa… — Grimms' Fairy Tales · tree and pragmatics
description: ‘I have shut them up by a charm between two mountains,’ said the dwarf, ‘because they were proud and ill-behaved, and scorned to ask advice.’ Who acts: I, armies. A sentence of «Grimms' Fairy Tales» by Jacob Grimm, The Water of Life, with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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# Grimms' Fairy Tales, The Water of Life, sentence 43

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
‘I have shut them up by a charm between two mountains,’ said the dwarf, ‘because they were proud and ill-behaved, and scorned to ask advice.’

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** I, armies · **What happens:** shut up, say, be, behave, scorn, ask · **To what, where:** armies, dwarf, advice · **Speech:** someone speaks here

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This is a sentence of «Grimms' Fairy Tales» by Jacob Grimm, The Water of Life. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (I, armies), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

<!-- .note-en -->
**Parsed by Mova, not checked by a teacher.** This tree is Mova's own parse (the `en` model, on the CPU, when the site is built); it may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg2591:49:43
# text = ‘I have shut them up by a charm between two mountains,’ said the dwarf, ‘because they were proud and ill-behaved, and scorned to ask advice.’
1	‘	'	PUNCT	``	_	4	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	I	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	4	nsubj	_	_
3	have	have	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	aux	_	_
4	shut	shut	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	15	ccomp	_	_
5	them	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	4	obj	_	_
6	up	up	ADP	RP	_	4	compound:prt	_	_
7	by	by	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
8	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
9	charm	charm	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	_
10	between	between	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
11	two	two	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	12	nummod	_	_
12	mountains	mountain	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	9	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	4	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	’	'	PUNCT	''	_	15	punct	_	_
15	said	say	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
16	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	17	det	_	_
17	dwarf	dwarf	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	15	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
18	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	23	punct	_	_
19	‘	'	PUNCT	``	_	23	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
20	because	because	SCONJ	IN	_	23	mark	_	_
21	they	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	23	nsubj	_	_
22	were	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	23	cop	_	_
23	proud	proud	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	15	ccomp	_	_
24	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	27	cc	_	_
25	ill	ill	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	27	compound	_	SpaceAfter=No
26	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	25	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
27	behaved	behave	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	23	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
28	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	30	punct	_	_
29	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	30	cc	_	_
30	scorned	scorn	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	15	conj	_	_
31	to	to	PART	TO	_	32	mark	_	_
32	ask	ask	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	30	advcl	_	_
33	advice	advice	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	32	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
34	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	15	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
35	’	'	PUNCT	''	_	15	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **shut up** | present · perfect | I | armies *= army* |  |  |  | by a charm between two mountains | vn subjugate-42.3 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent they=Patient |
| 2 | **say** *speech: assert* | past |  | the dwarf |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 3 | **is** | past | armies *= army* |  |  |  |  | proud *property* | tree rules |
| 4 | **behave** | participle | armies *= army* *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn masquerade-29.6-1 «NP V PP.attribute»: agent=Agent |
| 5 | **scorn** | participle |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn judgment-33.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent |
| 6 | **ask** *speech: ask* | to-infinitive |  | advice |  |  |  |  | vn inquire-37.1.2 «NP V NP.recipient»: agent=Agent advice=Recipient |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «Grimms' Fairy Tales» by Jacob Grimm, Project Gutenberg book 2591 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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