---
title: The donkey laid himself down upon a heap of straw in the yard, the d… — Grimms' Fairy Tales · tree and pragmatics
description: The donkey laid himself down upon a heap of straw in the yard, the dog stretched himself upon a mat behind the door, the cat rolled herself up on the hearth before the warm ashes, and the cock perched upon a beam on the top of the house; and, as they were all rather tired with their journey, they so
---

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# Grimms' Fairy Tales, The Travelling Musicians, sentence 40

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The donkey laid himself down upon a heap of straw in the yard, the dog stretched himself upon a mat behind the door, the cat rolled herself up on the hearth before the warm ashes, and the cock perched upon a beam on the top of the house; and, as they were all rather tired with their journey, they soon fell asleep.

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**Who acts:** donkey, dog, cat, cock, robbers · **What happens:** lay down, stretch, roll up, perch, be, fall · **To what, where:** Donkey, heap, signal, hearth, top

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This is a sentence of «Grimms' Fairy Tales» by Jacob Grimm, The Travelling Musicians. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (donkey, dog, cat, cock), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Parsed by Mova, not checked by a teacher.** This tree is Mova's own parse (the `en` model, on the CPU, when the site is built); it may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg2591:5:40
# text = The donkey laid himself down upon a heap of straw in the yard, the dog stretched himself upon a mat behind the door, the cat rolled herself up on the hearth before the warm ashes, and the cock perched upon a beam on the top of the house; and, as they were all rather tired with their journey, they soon fell asleep.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	donkey	donkey	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	laid	lay	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	himself	himself	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs|Reflex=Yes	3	obj	_	_
5	down	down	ADP	RP	_	3	compound:prt	_	_
6	upon	upon	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	heap	heap	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	_
9	of	of	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
10	straw	straw	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	nmod	_	_
11	in	in	ADP	IN	_	13	case	_	_
12	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	13	det	_	_
13	yard	yard	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	17	punct	_	_
15	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	16	det	_	_
16	dog	dog	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	17	nsubj	_	_
17	stretched	stretch	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	3	parataxis	_	_
18	himself	himself	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs|Reflex=Yes	17	obj	_	_
19	upon	upon	ADP	IN	_	21	case	_	_
20	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	21	det	_	_
21	mat	mat	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	17	obl	_	_
22	behind	behind	ADP	IN	_	24	case	_	_
23	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	24	det	_	_
24	door	door	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	21	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
25	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	28	punct	_	_
26	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	27	det	_	_
27	cat	cat	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	28	nsubj	_	_
28	rolled	roll	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	17	conj	_	_
29	herself	herself	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs|Reflex=Yes	28	obj	_	_
30	up	up	ADP	RP	_	28	compound:prt	_	_
31	on	on	ADP	IN	_	33	case	_	_
32	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	33	det	_	_
33	hearth	hearth	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	28	obl	_	_
34	before	before	ADP	IN	_	37	case	_	_
35	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	37	det	_	_
36	warm	warm	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	37	amod	_	_
37	ashes	ash	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	28	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
38	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	42	punct	_	_
39	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	42	cc	_	_
40	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	41	det	_	_
41	cock	cock	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	42	nsubj	_	_
42	perched	perch	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	3	conj	_	_
43	upon	upon	ADP	IN	_	45	case	_	_
44	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	45	det	_	_
45	beam	beam	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	42	obl	_	_
46	on	on	ADP	IN	_	48	case	_	_
47	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	48	det	_	_
48	top	top	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	42	obl	_	_
49	of	of	ADP	IN	_	51	case	_	_
50	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	51	det	_	_
51	house	house	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	48	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
52	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	60	punct	_	_
53	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	60	cc	_	SpaceAfter=No
54	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	53	punct	_	_
55	as	as	SCONJ	IN	_	60	mark	_	_
56	they	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	60	nsubj	_	_
57	were	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	60	cop	_	_
58	all	all	ADV	RB	_	60	advmod	_	_
59	rather	rather	ADV	RB	_	60	advmod	_	_
60	tired	tired	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	parataxis	_	_
61	with	with	ADP	IN	_	63	case	_	_
62	their	their	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	63	nmod:poss	_	_
63	journey	journey	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	60	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
64	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	60	punct	_	_
65	they	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	67	nsubj	_	_
66	soon	soon	ADV	RB	Degree=Pos	67	advmod	_	_
67	fell	fall	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	60	advcl	_	_
68	asleep	asleep	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	67	xcomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
69	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **lay down** | past | the donkey | Donkey |  | a heap of straw in the yard |  |  | vn put\_spatial-9.2 «NP V NP PP.destination»: agent=Agent himself=Theme upon heap=Destination |
| 2 | **stretch** | past | the dog | Donkey |  |  |  | upon a mat behind the door | vn bend-45.2 «NP V NP.patient»: agent=Agent himself=Patient |
| 3 | **roll up** | past | the cat | signal |  | the hearth | before the warm ashes |  | vn roll-51.3.1 «NP.agent V NP.theme PP.source PP.trajectory PP.destination»: agent=Agent herself=Theme on hearth=Source before ash=Trajectory |
| 4 | **perch** | participle | the cock |  |  | the top of the house |  | upon a beam | vn assuming\_position-50 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Agent upon beam=Location |
| 5 | **is** | past | robbers *= robber* |  |  |  |  | with robbers's journey; all, tired *property* | tree rules |
| 6 | **fall** | past | robbers *= robber* |  |  |  |  | asleep, soon *property* | vn occur-48.3 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 7 | **journey** |  | robbers *= robber* |  |  |  |  |  | nom journey «act transitive»: poss=agent |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «Grimms' Fairy Tales» by Jacob Grimm, Project Gutenberg book 2591 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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