---
title: ‘Prithee, friend, why so sorrowful?’ said he to the merchant; ‘what… — Grimms' Fairy Tales · tree and pragmatics
description: ‘Prithee, friend, why so sorrowful?’ said he to the merchant; ‘what is it you take so deeply to heart?’ Who acts: Prithee, it. A sentence of «Grimms' Fairy Tales» by Jacob Grimm, The King of the Golden Mountain, with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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# Grimms' Fairy Tales, The King of the Golden Mountain, sentence 5

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‘Prithee, friend, why so sorrowful?’ said he to the merchant; ‘what is it you take so deeply to heart?’

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**Who acts:** Prithee, it · **What happens:** say, be · **Speech:** someone speaks here

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This is a sentence of «Grimms' Fairy Tales» by Jacob Grimm, The King of the Golden Mountain. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Prithee, it), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Parsed by Mova, not checked by a teacher.** This tree is Mova's own parse (the `en` model, on the CPU, when the site is built); it may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg2591:51:5
# text = ‘Prithee, friend, why so sorrowful?’ said he to the merchant; ‘what is it you take so deeply to heart?’
1	‘	'	PUNCT	``	_	2	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	Prithee	Prithee	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	11	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	4	punct	_	_
4	friend	friend	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	appos	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	4	punct	_	_
6	why	why	ADV	WRB	PronType=Int	8	advmod	_	_
7	so	so	ADV	RB	_	8	advmod	_	_
8	sorrowful	sorrowful	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	2	amod	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	?	?	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	’	'	PUNCT	''	_	2	punct	_	_
11	said	say	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
12	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	11	nsubj	_	_
13	to	to	ADP	IN	_	15	case	_	_
14	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	15	det	_	_
15	merchant	merchant	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	;	;	PUNCT	,	_	22	punct	_	_
17	‘	'	PUNCT	``	_	22	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
18	what	what	PRON	WP	PronType=Int	22	obj	_	_
19	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	22	cop	_	_
20	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	22	nsubj	_	_
21	you	you	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Person=2|PronType=Prs	22	nsubj	_	_
22	take	take	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	11	ccomp	_	_
23	so	so	ADV	RB	_	24	advmod	_	_
24	deeply	deeply	ADV	RB	_	22	advmod	_	_
25	to	to	PART	TO	_	26	mark	_	_
26	heart	heart	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	22	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
27	?	?	PUNCT	.	_	22	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
28	’	'	PUNCT	''	_	22	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **say** *speech: assert* | past | Prithee |  |  |  |  | to the merchant | vn indicate-78-1 «NP V PP.recipient whether/if S»: agent=Pivot to merchant=Experiencer clause=Topic |
| 2 | **is** | present | it |  |  |  |  | deeply, take *property* | tree rules |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «Grimms' Fairy Tales» by Jacob Grimm, Project Gutenberg book 2591 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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