--- title: When anything had to be done, it was always the elder who was forced… — Grimms' Fairy Tales · tree and pragmatics description: When anything had to be done, it was always the elder who was forced to do it; but if his father bade him fetch anything when it was late, or in the night-time, and the way led through the churchyard, or any other dismal place, he answered: ‘Oh, no father, I’ll not go there, it makes me shudder!’ fo --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg2591/57/2/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [tales](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/) / [Grimms' Fairy Tales](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg2591/) / [The Story of the Youth Who Went Forth…](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg2591/57/) / 2 # Grimms' Fairy Tales, The Story of the Youth Who Went Forth to Learn What Fear Was, sentence 2 When anything had to be done, it was always the elder who was forced to do it; but if his father bade him fetch anything when it was late, or in the night-time, and the way led through the churchyard, or any other dismal place, he answered: ‘Oh, no father, I’ll not go there, it makes me shudder!’ for he was afraid. **Who acts:** anything, trouble, elder, way, father, I · **What happens:** have, do, be, force, fetch, lead · **To what, where:** elder, trouble, father bade, churchyard, me This is a sentence of «Grimms' Fairy Tales» by Jacob Grimm, The Story of the Youth Who Went Forth to Learn What Fear Was. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (anything, trouble, elder, way), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree. **Parsed by Mova, not checked by a teacher.** This tree is Mova's own parse (the `en` model, on the CPU, when the site is built); it may be wrong. ## The tree {#tree} ```conllu # sent_id = book:pg2591:57:2 # text = When anything had to be done, it was always the elder who was forced to do it; but if his father bade him fetch anything when it was late, or in the night-time, and the way led through the churchyard, or any other dismal place, he answered: ‘Oh, no father, I’ll not go there, it makes me shudder!’ for he was afraid. 1 When when ADV WRB PronType=Int 3 advmod _ _ 2 anything anything PRON NN Number=Sing|PronType=Ind 3 nsubj _ _ 3 had have VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 55 advcl _ _ 4 to to PART TO _ 6 mark _ _ 5 be be AUX VB VerbForm=Inf 6 aux:pass _ _ 6 done do VERB VBN Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass 3 xcomp _ SpaceAfter=No 7 , , PUNCT , _ 12 punct _ _ 8 it it PRON PRP Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 12 nsubj _ _ 9 was be AUX VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 12 cop _ _ 10 always always ADV RB PronType=Tot 12 advmod _ _ 11 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 12 det _ _ 12 elder elder NOUN NN Number=Sing 6 obl _ _ 13 who who PRON WP PronType=Rel 15 nsubj:pass _ _ 14 was be AUX VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 15 aux:pass _ _ 15 forced force VERB VBN Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass 12 acl:relcl _ _ 16 to to PART TO _ 17 mark _ _ 17 do do VERB VB VerbForm=Inf 15 xcomp _ _ 18 it it PRON PRP Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 17 obj _ SpaceAfter=No 19 ; ; PUNCT , _ 26 punct _ _ 20 but but CCONJ CC _ 26 cc _ _ 21 if if SCONJ IN _ 26 mark _ _ 22 his his PRON PRP$ Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs 24 nmod:poss _ _ 23 father father NOUN NN Number=Sing 24 compound _ _ 24 bade bade NOUN NN Number=Sing 26 obl _ _ 25 him he PRON PRP Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 24 obj _ _ 26 fetch fetch VERB VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 3 parataxis _ _ 27 anything anything PRON NN Number=Sing|PronType=Ind 26 obj _ _ 28 when when ADV WRB PronType=Int 31 advmod _ _ 29 it it PRON PRP Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 31 nsubj _ _ 30 was be AUX VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 31 cop _ _ 31 late late ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 26 advcl _ SpaceAfter=No 32 , , PUNCT , _ 38 punct _ _ 33 or or CCONJ CC _ 38 cc _ _ 34 in in ADP IN _ 38 case _ _ 35 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 38 det _ _ 36 night night NOUN NN Number=Sing 38 compound _ SpaceAfter=No 37 - - PUNCT HYPH _ 36 punct _ SpaceAfter=No 38 time time NOUN NN Number=Sing 31 conj _ SpaceAfter=No 39 , , PUNCT , _ 43 punct _ _ 40 and and CCONJ CC _ 43 cc _ _ 41 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 42 det _ _ 42 way way NOUN NN Number=Sing 43 nsubj _ _ 43 led lead VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 3 conj _ _ 44 through through ADP IN _ 46 case _ _ 45 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 46 det _ _ 46 churchyard churchyard NOUN NN Number=Sing 43 obl _ SpaceAfter=No 47 , , PUNCT , _ 52 punct _ _ 48 or or CCONJ CC _ 52 cc _ _ 49 any any DET DT PronType=Ind 52 det _ _ 50 other other ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 52 amod _ _ 51 dismal dismal ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 52 amod _ _ 52 place place NOUN NN Number=Sing 3 parataxis _ SpaceAfter=No 53 , , PUNCT , _ 3 punct _ _ 54 he he PRON PRP Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 55 nsubj _ _ 55 answered answer VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 0 root _ SpaceAfter=No 56 : : PUNCT : _ 55 punct _ _ 57 ‘ ' PUNCT `` _ 61 punct _ SpaceAfter=No 58 Oh oh INTJ UH _ 61 discourse _ SpaceAfter=No 59 , , PUNCT , _ 58 punct _ _ 60 no no DET DT PronType=Neg 61 det _ _ 61 father father NOUN NN Number=Sing 55 parataxis _ SpaceAfter=No 62 , , PUNCT , _ 66 punct _ _ 63 I I PRON PRP Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs 66 nsubj _ SpaceAfter=No 64 ’ll will AUX MD VerbForm=Fin 66 aux _ _ 65 not not PART RB Polarity=Neg 66 advmod _ _ 66 go go VERB VB VerbForm=Inf 61 conj _ _ 67 there there ADV RB PronType=Dem 66 advmod _ SpaceAfter=No 68 , , PUNCT , _ 70 punct _ _ 69 it it PRON PRP Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 70 nsubj _ _ 70 makes make VERB VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 61 conj _ _ 71 me I PRON PRP Case=Acc|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs 70 obj _ _ 72 shudder shudder NOUN NN Number=Sing 70 xcomp _ SpaceAfter=No 73 ! ! PUNCT . _ 61 punct _ SpaceAfter=No 74 ’ ' PUNCT '' _ 61 punct _ _ 75 for for SCONJ IN _ 78 mark _ _ 76 he he PRON PRP Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 78 nsubj _ _ 77 was be AUX VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 78 cop _ _ 78 afraid afraid ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 55 advcl _ SpaceAfter=No 79 . . PUNCT . _ 55 punct _ _ ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **have** | past | anything | | | | | | tree rules | | 2 | **do** | to-infinitive · passive | anything *not said here* | | | | | | vn act-114-1 «NP V» | | 3 | **is a** | past | trouble | the elder | | | | always *property* | tree rules | | 4 | **force** | past · passive | | the elder | | | | | vn urge-58.1-1 «NP V NP S\_ING»: subject=Recipient clause=Topic | | 5 | **do** | to-infinitive | the elder *not said here* | trouble | | | | | vn act-114-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent it=Eventuality | | 6 | **fetch** *a condition, not said to happen* | present | | father's father bade | | | | | vn get-13.5.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent anything=Theme | | 7 | **is** | past | trouble | | | | | late *property* | tree rules | | 8 | **lead** | past | the way | | | the churchyard | | | vn accompany-51.7 «NP V NP PP.destination»: agent=Agent through churchyard=Destination | | 9 | **answer** *speech: assert* | past | father | | | | | | vn reciprocate-112-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent | | 10 | **not** **go** | future | I | | | there | | | vn disappearance-48.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | | 11 | **make** | present | trouble | me | | | | | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.material V NP»: agent=Material i=Product | | 12 | **is** | past | father | | | | | afraid *property* | tree rules | One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree. **Text:** «Grimms' Fairy Tales» by Jacob Grimm, Project Gutenberg book 2591 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order. - ← previous: [sentence 1](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg2591/57/1/) - next →: [sentence 3](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg2591/57/3/) - ↑ back to [The Story of the Youth Who Went Forth to Learn What Fear Was](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg2591/57/)