---
title: At the bottom he saw a gold ring lying; and as he could not make out… — Grimms' Fairy Tales · tree and pragmatics
description: At the bottom he saw a gold ring lying; and as he could not make out how it had got there, he ordered the cook to be sent for. Who acts: king, gold ring, soup, cook. A sentence of «Grimms' Fairy Tales» by Jacob Grimm, Iron Hans, with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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# Grimms' Fairy Tales, Iron Hans, sentence 191

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At the bottom he saw a gold ring lying; and as he could not make out how it had got there, he ordered the cook to be sent for.

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**Who acts:** king, gold ring, soup, cook · **What happens:** see, lie, not make out, get, order, send · **To what, where:** gold ring, bottom, cook

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This is a sentence of «Grimms' Fairy Tales» by Jacob Grimm, Iron Hans. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (king, gold ring, soup, cook), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Parsed by Mova, not checked by a teacher.** This tree is Mova's own parse (the `en` model, on the CPU, when the site is built); it may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg2591:59:191
# text = At the bottom he saw a gold ring lying; and as he could not make out how it had got there, he ordered the cook to be sent for.
1	At	at	ADP	IN	_	3	case	_	_
2	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
3	bottom	bottom	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obl	_	_
4	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	5	nsubj	_	_
5	saw	see	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
6	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
7	gold	gold	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	8	amod	_	_
8	ring	ring	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obj	_	_
9	lying	lie	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	8	acl	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	16	punct	_	_
11	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	16	cc	_	_
12	as	as	SCONJ	IN	_	16	mark	_	_
13	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	16	nsubj	_	_
14	could	could	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	16	aux	_	_
15	not	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	16	advmod	_	_
16	make	make	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	5	conj	_	_
17	out	out	ADP	RP	_	16	compound:prt	_	_
18	how	how	ADV	WRB	PronType=Int	21	advmod	_	_
19	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	21	nsubj	_	_
20	had	have	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	21	aux	_	_
21	got	get	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	16	advcl	_	_
22	there	there	ADV	RB	PronType=Dem	21	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
23	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	25	punct	_	_
24	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	25	nsubj	_	_
25	ordered	order	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	5	parataxis	_	_
26	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	27	det	_	_
27	cook	cook	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	25	obj	_	_
28	to	to	PART	TO	_	30	mark	_	_
29	be	be	AUX	VB	VerbForm=Inf	30	aux:pass	_	_
30	sent	send	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	25	xcomp	_	_
31	for	for	ADP	IN	_	30	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
32	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **see** | past | king | a gold ring |  | the bottom |  |  | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer ring=Stimulus |
| 2 | **lie** | gerund | a gold ring *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn assuming\_position-50 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 3 | **not** **make out** | could | king |  |  |  |  |  | vn sight-30.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer |
| 4 | **get** | past · perfect | soup |  |  | there |  |  | vn comprehend-87.2-1 «NP V S\_ING»: agent=Experiencer |
| 5 | **order** | past | king | the cook |  |  |  |  | vn order-58.3-1 «NP V NP S\_ING»: agent=Agent cook=Recipient clause=Topic |
| 6 | **send** *not said to happen* | to-infinitive · passive | the cook *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn confine-92-1 «NP V NP» |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «Grimms' Fairy Tales» by Jacob Grimm, Project Gutenberg book 2591 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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